The interaction between gut microbiota and flavonoid extract from <i>Smilax glabra</i> Roxb. and its potent alleviation of fatty liver

Zhao, Lei; Qi, Ziyan; Liu, Yi; Li, Jingjing; Cui, Yuchi; Rehman, Faiz Ur; Yang, Jianhua; Liu, Jiangyun; Li, Yali; Zhang, Jian

doi:10.1039/d1fo00727k

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In contrast, FG with high molecular weight structure was more difficult to be fermented by Bacteroidetes, resulting in no significant change in the abundance of Bacteroidetes in the FG group. The ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) increased in obesity, fatty liver, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and other diseases (77)(78)(79)(80). Consistent with most studies, HFD increased the F/B value in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The lipid-lowering effects of fenugreek gum, hawthorn pectin, and burdock inulin

et al. 2023

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ObjectiveThe present study aimed to investigate the lipid-lowering effects and mechanisms of fenugreek gum (FG), hawthorn pectin (HP), and burdock inulin (BI) on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemic rats.MethodsIn this study, high-fat diet (HFD) together with fat emulsion administration were used to establish hyperlipidemia model. The biochemical indices were assayed after administration of FG, HP, and BI. Their effects were evaluated by factor analysis. Alterations of gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the cecal were assessed to illustrate the mechanism of lipid lowering.ResultsThe supplementation of FG, HP, and BI on HFD-fed rats decreased the levels of serum lipid and reduced the HFD-related liver and testicle damage. In the scatter plot of factor analysis, HP and BI were closer to normal fat diet (NFD) group in restoring the severity of hyperlipidemia, while FG and HP enhanced the excretion of cholesterol and bile acids (BAs). The levels of total SCFAs, especially butyric acid reduced by HFD were increased by HP. The ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes increased by HFD was reduced by HP and BI. FG, HP, and BI enriched intestinal probiotics, which were related to bile acid excretion or lipid-lowering.ConclusionsFG inhibited the absorption of cholesterol and enhanced the excretion of it, as well as increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria. While BI restored the imbalance of intestinal microbiota. HP enhanced the excretion of cholesterol and BAs, and restored the imbalance of intestinal microbiota. It was also utilized by intestinal microorganisms to yield SCFAs. This study suggested that FG, HP, and BI possessed the potential to be utilized as dietary supplements for obesity management.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The lipid-lowering effects of fenugreek gum, hawthorn pectin, and burdock inulin

et al. 2023

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“…In the 16s rDNA sequencing analysis, an increase of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio was found in the HFD group, which was also observed in ovariectomized mice with bone loss ( Wen et al., 2020 ; Xie et al., 2020 ) and people with primary osteoporosis ( Wang et al., 2017 ). Previous studies addressing obesity or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease have also demonstrated that HFD can induce an increase in F/B ratio ( Li et al., 2021 ), which is closely related to intestinal immune inflammation ( Zhao et al., 2021 ). In addition, HFD also led to a decrease in the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria, such as Bacteroides , which exerts a bone protection effect via both promoting osteoblast differentiation ( Chen et al., 2007 ) and inhibiting osteoclast differentiation ( Lucas et al., 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota and Serum Metabolic Signatures of High-Fat-Induced Bone Loss in Mice

Tang

Jiao

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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BackgroundAccumulating evidence indicates that high-fat diet (HFD) is a controllable risk factor for osteoporosis, but the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. As a primary biological barrier for nutrient entry into the human body, the composition and function of gut microbiota (GM) can be altered rapidly by HFD, which may trigger abnormal bone metabolism. In the current study, we analyzed the signatures of GM and serum metabolomics in HFD-induced bone loss and explored the potential correlations of GM and serum metabolites on HFD-related bone loss.MethodsWe conducted a mouse model with HFD-induced bone loss through a 12-week diet intervention. Micro-CT, Osmium-μCT, and histological analyses were used to observe bone microstructure and bone marrow adipose tissue. Quantitative Real-Time PCR was applied to analyze gene expression related to osteogenesis, adipogenesis, and osteoclastogenesis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the biochemical markers of bone turnover. 16s rDNA sequencing was employed to analyze the abundance of GM, and UHPLC-MS/MS was used to identify serum metabolites. Correlation analysis was performed to explore the relationships among bone phenotypes, GM, and the metabolome.ResultsHFD induced bone loss accompanied by bone marrow adipose tissue expansion and bone formation inhibition. In the HFD group, the relative abundance of Firmicutes was increased significantly, while Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Epsilonbacteraeota, and Patescibacteria were decreased compared with the ND group. Association analysis showed that thirty-two bacterial genera were significantly related to bone volume per tissue volume (BV/TV). One hundred and forty-five serum metabolites were identified as differential metabolites associated with HFD intervention, which were significantly enriched in five pathways, such as purine metabolism, regulation of lipolysis in adipocyte and cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. Sixty-four diffiential metabolites were matched to the MS2 spectra; and ten of them were positively correlated with BV/TV and five were negatively correlated with BV/TV.ConclusionsThese findings indicated that the alternations of GM and serum metabolites were related to HFD-induced bone loss, which might provide new insights into explain the occurrence and development of HFD-related osteoporosis. The regulatory effects of GM and metabolites associated with HFD on bone homeostasis required further exploration.

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“…Eighteen components of SGR were detected by UHPLC-MS/MS, and eight compounds had good binding with ALDH2 through UHPLC-MS/MS and SYBYL 2.1.1. Traditional application of SGR can treat various diseases (such as inflammation, brucellosis, syphilis, and acute and chronic nephritis) and can also serve as an immune modulator and liver protector ( Wang et al, 2022 ; Zhao et al, 2021 ). Further molecular docking indicated that six compounds (cianidanol, phloretin, hesperetin, naringenin, naringin, and taxifolin 7-rhamnoside) may serve as potential intervention therapy drugs for hypertension protective factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the molecular mechanism of Smilax glabra Roxb. in treating hypertension based on proteomics and bioinformatics

Yang,

Qian,

Yang

et al. 2024

Front. Pharmacol.

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BackgroundSmilax glabra Roxb. (named tufuling in Chinese, SGR) has both medicinal and edible value. SGR has obvious pharmacological activity, especially in anti-inflammation and treating immune system diseases. This study investigated differential protein expression and its relationship with immune infiltration in hypertension treated with SGR using proteomics and bioinformatics.MethodsN-Nitro L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) was used to replicate the hypertension model, with SGR administered by gavage for 4 weeks, and the systolic and diastolic blood pressure in each group of rats was measured using the tail-cuff method every 7 days. Furthermore, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) expressions in each group, followed by the detection of protein expression in rat liver samples using the tandem mass tag (TMT) technique. Additionally, hub targets were output using Cytoscape 3.9.1 software, and ALDH2 expression in the liver and serum in each group of rats was detected by ELISA. Moreover, R4.3.0 software was used to evaluate the relationship between acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) and immune cells, and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was performed to identify the components of SGR. Furthermore, the association between components of SGR and ALDH2 was analyzed with molecular docking and LigPlot1.4.5 software.ResultsCompared with the model group (L-NAME), SGR at high and medium doses reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure while reducing TC, TG, and LDL-C levels and increasing HDL-C levels in hypertensive rats (p < 0.05). Moreover, 92 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified using TMT. These DEPs participated in peroxisome functioning, fatty acid degradation, and other signaling pathways, with ALDH2 being the core target and correlated with various immune cells. In addition, 18 components were determined in SGR, with 8 compounds binding to ALDH2. Molecular docking was performed to confirm that SGR played a role in hypertension based on the combined action of multiple components.ConclusionIn conclusion, SGR has an antihypertensive effect on L-NAME-induced hypertension, with ALDH2 as its hub target. SGR may regulate neutrophil, regulatory T cell, and other cells’ infiltration by targeting ALDH2, thereby contributing to the treatment of hypertension.

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The interaction between gut microbiota and flavonoid extract from Smilax glabra Roxb. and its potent alleviation of fatty liver

Abstract: Fatty liver is associated with intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and low-grade chronic inflammation. Herein, we report the interaction of flavonoids extract from Smilax Glabra Roxb. (FSGR) with gut microbiota, following the...

Cited by 18 publications

References 43 publications

The lipid-lowering effects of fenugreek gum, hawthorn pectin, and burdock inulin

The lipid-lowering effects of fenugreek gum, hawthorn pectin, and burdock inulin

Gut Microbiota and Serum Metabolic Signatures of High-Fat-Induced Bone Loss in Mice

Investigation of the molecular mechanism of Smilax glabra Roxb. in treating hypertension based on proteomics and bioinformatics

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