“…Recently, the World Heritage Committee has engaged in reflection about whether places associated with memories of recent conflicts should be considered for the World Heritage List (UNESCO, 2022b). At its most extreme, heritage, as a signifier and conveyer of identity, can be a target of larger conflicts as seen in the destruction of the Bamiyan Buddhas (Manhart, 2016) and the destruction of World Heritage properties by ISIS in several countries. The inscription of the "Sites of Japan's Meiji Industrial Revolution" also demonstrated that the narratives accompanying international heritage designation can create conflicts between states (Nakano, 2021).…”