The intensity of physical activity influences bone mineral accrual in childhood: the childhood health, activity and motor performance school (the CHAMPS) study, Denmark

Abstract

BackgroundStudies indicate genetic and lifestyle factors can contribute to optimal bone development. In particular, the intensity level of physical activity may have an impact on bone health. This study aims to assess the relationship between physical activity at different intensities and Bone Mineral Content (BMC), Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and Bone Area (BA) accretion.MethodsThis longitudinal study is a part of The CHAMPS study-DK. Whole-body DXA scans were performed at baseline and after two years follows up. BMC, BMD, and BA were measured. The total body less head (TBLH) values were used. Physical activity (PA) was recorded by accelerometers (ActiGraph, model GT3X). Percentages of different PA intensity levels were calculated and log odds of two intensity levels of activity relative to the third level were calculated. Multilevel regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between the categories of physical activity and bone traits.ResultsOf 800 invited children, 742 (93%) accepted to participate. Of these, 682/742 (92%) participated at follow up. Complete datasets were obtained in 602/742 (81%) children. Mean (range) of age was 11.5 years (9.7-13.9). PA at different intensity levels was for boys and girls respectively, sedentary 62% and 64%, low 29% for both genders and moderate to high 9% and 7% of the total time. Mean (range) BMC, BMD, and BA was 1179 g (563–2326), 0.84 g/cm2 (0.64-1.15) and 1393 cm2 (851–2164), respectively. Valid accelerometer data were obtained for a mean of 6.1 days, 13 hours per day.ConclusionsThere 7was a positive relationship between the log odds of moderate to high-level PA versus low level activity and BMC, BMD and BA. Children with an increased proportion of time in moderate to high-level activity as opposed to sedentary and low-level activity achieved positive effects on BMC, BMD and BA.

Bone Mineral Density of Middle School Female Students with Three Level of Physical Activity in Rural Area

“…Until now, the most of study were focused on BMD of elite players in side-to-side effects, but a few investigations have been performed for normal people [30,31]. In this study, we observed that the non-dominant hand BMD of moderate and low physical activity groups were significantly lower than those in dominant hand, but did not in high activity group.…”

Objectively measured physical activity is associated with parameters of bone in 70-year-old men and women

“…Although questionnaires are relatively easy to administer and enable the involvement of many participants, they introduce the risk of recall bias [13]. To avoid recall bias, researchers have begun to use accelerometers when investigating associations between objective measures of PA and bone properties; however, studies have focused on children and adolescents [14,15]. Furthermore, the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to measure aBMD in two dimensions may result in measurement errors [16,17].…”

Systematic review of the relationships between objectively measured physical activity and health indicators in school-aged children and youth

“…Total PA explained 1%-2% of the variability in BMC (Janz et al 2006) Children who maintained high levels of PA over the 3-y period (≥50th percentile) accrued, on average, 14% more trochanteric BMC and 5% more whole-body BMC relative to peers maintaining low levels of PA (<50th percentile) (Janz et al 2006) 1 study found that spending a higher proportion of total PA in MPA-VPA relative to LPA was favourably associated with BMC, BMD, and bone area (Heidemann et al 2013 (1/1 studies; Tobias et al 2007); Hip BMC: favourable associations (2/2 studies; Janz et al 2001Janz et al , 2014a; Spine BMC: associations were favourable (2/3 studies; Janz et al 2001 and …”

“…One longitudinal study found that spending a higher proportion of total PA engaged in MPA and VPA relative to LPA was prospectively associated with higher BMC, bone mineral density (BMD), and bone area (Heidemann et al 2013). There were mixed (favourable and null) associations between VPA and spine or hip BMC (2/2 studies; Francis et al 2014;Janz et al 2014a).…”

“…d Includes 7 longitudinal studies (Janz et al 2006(Janz et al , 2007(Janz et al , 2010(Janz et al , 2014a(Janz et al , 2014bHeidemann et al 2013;Francis et al 2014) from 2 unique samples. Six studies reported data from the Iowa Bone Development Study (Janz et al 2006(Janz et al , 2007(Janz et al , 2010(Janz et al , 2014a(Janz et al , 2014bFrancis et al 2014) and 1 study reported data from the CHAMPS study sample (Heidemann et al 2013). Results are reported separately and participants are only counted once.…”