objective measures of postural sway independently predict incident falls in older community-dwelling men and women. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether postural sway length is of interest for the prediction of incident falls in clinical settings.

Objective: Sarcopenia has been defined as age-related loss of muscle mass and function. The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to examine the effects of a 10-week instructor-led resistance training program on functional strength and body composition in men and women aged 70 years with presarcopenia. Design, Setting, and Participants: Participants were randomized to either 10 weeks of a physical training regimen including optional nutritional supplementation (n ¼ 36) or to a control group (n ¼ 34) (ClinicalTrials.gov, no. NCT03297632). The main outcome was changes in the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score. Secondary outcomes included the Timed Up and Go test, chair sit-stand time, lean body mass, and fat mass. Results: The intervention had no significant effect on SPPB in the total cohort (P ¼ .18), when comparing changes in the intervention group with the control group. However, those given the intervention in the male subcohort increased 0.5 AE 0.4 (mean AE standard error for the difference) points in SPPB during follow-up (P ¼ .02) compared to male controls. With respect to secondary outcomes, the intervention group decreased 0.9 AE 0.6 seconds in chair sit-stand time compared to controls (P ¼ .01). Furthermore, the intervention resulted in significantly greater improvements for the training group than control group in all measures of body composition (P .01 for all). For example, lean body mass increased by a mean of 1147 AE 282 g (P < .001), and total fat mass decreased by a mean of 553 AE 225 g (P ¼ .003), favoring the intervention group. Conclusion/Implications: The main finding of this intervention study is that an easy-to-use, functional resistance training program was effective in maintaining functional strength and increasing muscle mass in older adults with pre-sarcopenia.

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IntroductionSurveillance of physical activity at the population level increases the knowledge on levels and trends of physical activity, which may support public health initiatives to promote physical activity. Physical activity assessed by accelerometry is challenged by varying data processing procedures, which influences the outcome. We aimed to describe the levels and prevalence estimates of physical activity, and to examine how triaxial and uniaxial accelerometry data influences these estimates, in a large population-based cohort of Norwegian adults.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 5918 women and men aged 40–84 years who participated in the seventh wave of the Tromsø Study (2015–16). The participants wore an ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometer attached to the hip for 24 hours per day over seven consecutive days. Accelerometry variables were expressed as volume (counts·minute-1 and steps·day-1) and as minutes per day in sedentary, light physical activity and moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA).ResultsFrom triaxial accelerometry data, 22% (95% confidence interval (CI): 21–23%) of the participants fulfilled the current global recommendations for physical activity (≥150 minutes of MVPA per week in ≥10-minute bouts), while 70% (95% CI: 69–71%) accumulated ≥150 minutes of non-bouted MVPA per week. When analysing uniaxial data, 18% fulfilled the current recommendations (i.e. 20% difference compared with triaxial data), and 55% (95% CI: 53–56%) accumulated ≥150 minutes of non-bouted MVPA per week. We observed approximately 100 less minutes of sedentary time and 90 minutes more of light physical activity from triaxial data compared with uniaxial data (p<0.001).ConclusionThe prevalence estimates of sufficiently active adults and elderly are more than three times higher (22% vs. 70%) when comparing triaxial bouted and non-bouted MVPA. Physical activity estimates are highly dependent on accelerometry data processing criteria and on different definitions of physical activity recommendations, which may influence prevalence estimates and tracking of physical activity patterns over time.

Highlights In Swedish 70-year-olds, prevalence of probable/confirmed sarcopenia was low (2%). Only moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was associated with reduced sarcopenia. There was no threshold in associations between MVPA bout duration and sarcopenia. Greater MVPA was not associated with increased incidence of 12-month falls.

Impairment in HRQoL in patients with HCV was associated with the severity of liver disease, patients with decompensated cirrhosis exhibiting the highest impairment in HRQoL. The etiology of liver disease does not seem to be important in determining HRQoL in cirrhosis.

To compare bone structure parameters and likelihood of falls across European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) sarcopenia categories. Methods: 3,334 Swedish 70-year-olds had appendicular lean mass (normalised to height; ALMHt), lumbar spine and total hip areal BMD (aBMD) estimated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Volumetric BMD (vBMD) and structure at the distal and proximal tibia and radius were estimated by peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Hand grip strength and time up-and-go were assessed, and sarcopenia was defined according to EWGSOP2 criteria. Incident falls were self-reported 6 and 12 months after baseline. Results: Only 0.8% and 1.0% of participants had probable and confirmed sarcopenia, respectively. Almost one-third of participants with confirmed sarcopenia reported incident falls, compared with 20% for probable sarcopenia and 14% without sarcopenia (P=0.025). Participants with confirmed sarcopenia had poorer bone parameters (all P<0.05) except endosteal circumference at the proximal radius and tibia, while those with probable sarcopenia had lower cortical area at the proximal radius (B=-5.9; 95% CI-11.7,-0.1 mm 2) and periosteal and endosteal circumferences at the proximal tibia (-3.3;-6.4,-0.3 and-3.8;-7.5,-0.05 mm 2 , respectively), compared with those without sarcopenia. Compared with probable sarcopenia, confirmed sarcopenic participants had significantly lower lumbar spine and total hip aBMD, distal radius and tibia total vBMD, and proximal radius and tibia cortical vBMD, area and thickness (all P<0.05). Conclusions: Swedish 70-year-olds with confirmed sarcopenia demonstrate poorer BMD and bone architecture than those with probable and no sarcopenia, and have increased likelihood of incident falls.