The Innovative and State of the Art Public Access Management of Malta’s Underwater Cultural Heritage

Abstract

The obligation to preserve underwater cultural heritage is a core principle of the UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage. A key element of this obligation is a balance of scientific research, protection, and the promotion of responsible access to underwater cultural heritage sites. Such a balance requires the setting up of a network of communication between the tourism and heritage sectors on the one hand and the maritime and diving communities on the other hand. A variety of approaches have been developed to promote responsible access to underwater cultural heritage sites, and since the vast majority of the public does not dive, this also includes the development of virtual access. In Malta, maritime archaeology can be traced to humble and sporadic beginnings in the 1950s. The following decades brought a growing interest in diving activities and a rising number of diving schools and clubs. Whilst Malta has today established itself as a diving tourism destination, responsible access to underwater cultural heritage sites was not always entrenched in dive operations or institutionally recognized. The protection and management of underwater cultural heritage has recently been firmly established within Heritage Malta, the national agency for museums, conservations, and cultural heritage. This paper is intended to outline the trajectory of Malta’s underwater cultural heritage management and to present the innovative and state of the art public access system that is managed by the Underwater Cultural Heritage Unit within Heritage Malta.

The WAS Project—Waterscape Archaeology in Sicily at Isola delle Femmine (PA, Italy): Submerged and Emerged Heritage

“…279-317), [15] (pp. [47][48], [16] (pp. [48][49], as reported by the late sources published in the Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Bizantinae, Theophanes Continuatus (Chronographia 27), and Georgius Coedrenus (Historiarum Compendio 512.10).…”

“…Therefore, before each dive, it will be possible to experience a virtual immersion in a three-dimensional environment, to receive all the useful instructions for a correct visit both from a technical and a scientific point of view, with maximum respect for the environment and the cultural heritage, following the principle of the UNESCO Convention, first "conservation on-site" [42]. Sharing the ideas of the European Blue Growth Strategy, supporting sustainable growth in the marine and maritime sectors, drawing attention to the operation of Accessible Underwater Cultural Heritage Sites (AUCHS), and promoting sustainable protection, the project will plan new activities in all the MPA with innovative solutions and best practices developed and adopted by local, regional, national, or transnational actors, following their respective regulatory frameworks concerning the protection of UCH, including the ratification of the 2001 UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage (see [43][44][45][46][47][48]).…”