The innate immune response

Koenderman, Leo; Buurman, Wim A.; Daha, Mohamed R.

doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2014.10.010

Cited by 66 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…The system was originally considered to be a first line of defense against microbes entering the body, but has also emerged as an important player in the immune response, thereby bridging innate and adaptive immunity [24]. It consists of over 40 proteins and regulators circulating in the blood and other body fluids.…”

Section: The Complement Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Complementopathy?

Kijlstra¹,

Berendschot²

2015

Ophthalmic Res

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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive eye disease affecting many elderly individuals. It has a multifactorial pathogenesis and is associated with numerous environmental (e.g. smoking, light and nutrition) and genetic risk factors. A breakthrough in the mechanisms causing AMD is emerging; the involvement of the alternative pathway of the complement system appears to play a pivotal role. This has led to the statement that AMD is a disease caused by a hyperactive complement system, allowing the term ‘complementopathy' to define it more precisely. Abundant evidence includes: the identification of drusen components as activators of complement, immunohistochemical data showing the presence of many species of the complement system in the retinal pigment epithelium-Bruch's membrane-choroidocapillary region of AMD eyes, a strong association of AMD with certain genetic complement protein variants, raised complement levels in blood from AMD patients and the preliminary successful treatments of geographic atrophy with complement factor D (FD) inhibitors. FD is the rate-limiting enzyme of the alternative complement pathway, and is produced by adipose tissue. Recent findings suggest that nutrition may play a role in controlling the level of FD in the circulation. Addressing modifiable risk factors such as smoking and nutrition may thus offer opportunities for the prevention of AMD.

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Section: The Complement Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Complementopathy?

Kijlstra¹,

Berendschot²

2015

Ophthalmic Res

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“…It is central to the detection and destruction of invading microbes (14,36). It consists of a network of fluid-phase and cell membrane-bound proteins.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The complement receptor C5aR1 contributes to renal damage but protects the heart in angiotensin II-induced hypertension

Weiß

Rosendahl

Czesla

et al. 2016

American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology

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Adaptive and innate immune responses contribute to hypertension and hypertensive end-organ damage. Here, we determined the role of anaphylatoxin C5a, a major inflammatory effector of the innate immune system that is generated in response to complement activation, in hypertensive end-organ damage. For this purpose, we assessed the phenotype of C5a receptor 1 (C5aR1)-deficient mice in ANG II-induced renal and cardiac injury. Expression of C5aR1 on infiltrating and resident renal as well as cardiac cells was determined using a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-C5aR1 reporter knockin mouse. Flow cytometric analysis of leukocytes isolated from the kidney of GFP-C5aR1 reporter mice showed that 28% of CD45-positive cells expressed C5aR1. Dendritic cells were identified as the major C5aR1-expressing population (88.5%) followed by macrophages and neutrophils. Using confocal microscopy, we detected C5aR1 in the kidney mainly on infiltrating cells. In the heart, only infiltrating cells stained C5aR1 positive. To evaluate the role of C5aR1 deficiency in hypertensive injury, an aggravated model of hypertension was used. Unilateral nephrectomy was performed followed by infusion of ANG II (1.5 ng·g(-1)·min(-1)) and salt in wild-type (n = 34) and C5aR1-deficient mice (n = 32). C5aR1-deficient mice exhibited less renal injury, as evidenced by significantly reduced albuminuria. In contrast, cardiac injury was accelerated with significantly increased cardiac fibrosis and heart weight in C5aR1-deficient mice after ANG II infusion. No effect was found on blood pressure. In summary, the C5a:C5aR1 axis drives end-organ damage in the kidney but protects from the development of cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy in experimental ANG II-induced hypertension.

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“…Their other functions include the elimination of pathogens, tumour cells, and other antigenic stimuli. Many studies have been conducted to discover therapeutic strategies to stimulate or inhibit cytokines that promote the activation or inhibition of these cells to control and resolve various diseases …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5'-AGTGAACATTACAGATTTATCCC-3' IL-4 [28] F1 promote the activation or inhibition of these cells to control and resolve various diseases. [32] Essential oils of plants as those from the Lamiaceae family can stimulate cytokines that are associated with cellular immune responses to protect against intracellular pathogens, cancer, and autoimmune disorders. Antimicrobial, antioxidant, and acaricidal effects have been attributed to TrEO, [2,7,12] but its immunomodulatory effects on cytokines have not been previously investigated.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory activity of essential oil from Tetrania riparia (Hochstetter) Codd in murine macrophages

Demarchi

Terron

Thomazella

et al. 2015

Flavour & Fragrance J

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Tetradenia riparia is a plant that is used as a traditional medicine in South Africa to treat inflammatory and infectious diseases. The extracts and essential oil of this plant have shown antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, and antimicrobial properties. Some infections that resolve depend on the specific pathogens and host immune response balance, but only a few studies have screened the immunomodulatory effects of T.riparia. Thus, we studied the immunomodulatory effects of T. riparia essential oil (TrEO) on macrophages. Murine peritoneal macrophages were incubated with 30 ng/ml TrEO for 3, 6, and 24 h. Cytokine expression and production were determined by semiquantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry, respectively. TrEO affected cytokine synthesis at all time points, whereas mRNA expression was altered only at 3 and 6 h. Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-12, IL-17, and interferon-γ expression were highly induced by TrEO at 3 h. Only IL-1β expression was elevated at 6 h, and its production gradually increased until 24 h. IL-2 was produced at high levels in the initial response, and granulocyte monocyte colony stimulating factor and IL-17 were produced at high levels at 24 h. TrEO inhibited IL-10. These results indicate that TrEO can modulate proinflammatory cytokines and downregulate IL-10 and IL-6. This profile is associated with stimulation of the innate cellular immune response and T H 2 cell suppression. The essential oil from T. riparia may be an alternative therapy for carcinogenic, autoimmune, and infectious diseases in which cellular responses are critical for their resolution.

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The innate immune response

Cited by 66 publications

References 114 publications

Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Complementopathy?

Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Complementopathy?

The complement receptor C5aR1 contributes to renal damage but protects the heart in angiotensin II-induced hypertension

Immunomodulatory activity of essential oil from Tetrania riparia (Hochstetter) Codd in murine macrophages

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