The inhibitory effect of an ethanol extract of the spores of Lygodium japonicum on ethylene glycol-induced kidney calculi in rats

Abstract

We investigated the effect of an ethanol extract of Lygodii spora (LS) as a preventive and therapeutic agent for experimentally induced calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis with ethylene glycol (EG) in rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into preventive (n = 18, for 28 days) and therapeutic (n = 24, for 42 days) groups. The preventive group was further subdivided into three groups of six rats each: preventive control, preventive lithiatic control (EG) and preventive lithiatic LS (EG + 400 mg/kg LS). Similarly, the therapeutic group was subdivided into four groups of six rats each: therapeutic control, therapeutic lithiatic control, therapeutic lithiatic untreated, and therapeutic lithiatic LS. Lithiasis was induced by adding 0.75% EG to the drinking water of all groups except the preventive and therapeutic control groups. Preventive and therapeutic subjects also received the LS ethanol extract in drinking water at a dose of 400 mg/kg, since day 0 or day 28, respectively. At the end of the each experimental period, various biochemical parameters were measured in urine and kidney homogenates. The kidneys were subjected to histopathological analysis. The results revealed that treatment with the LS preventive protocol significantly decreased the levels of urinary calcium, oxalate and uric acid, and increased the levels of urinary citrate as compared to those in the EG control. No significant changes in the urinary parameters except oxalate and citrate levels were observed in the rats in the therapeutic protocol. In both preventive and therapeutic protocols, the extract significantly decreased kidney peroxides, renal calcium, oxalate content, and the number of kidney oxalate deposits as compared to those in the EG group. We conclude that LS is useful as a preventive and therapeutic agent against the formation of oxalate kidney stones.

Protective effects of boron and vitamin E on ethylene glycol-induced renal crystal calcium deposition in rat

“…Our results showed that EG causes the formation of stones in all parts of kidney (cortex, medulla, and para cortex [juxtamedulla]). Th ese results are consistent with other recent studies (Naghii et al 2015;Kandhare et al 2015;Shukla et al 2014;Cho et al 2014). Th e main mechanism of stone formation following administration of EG is related to EG metabolism pathway.…”

Dietary Plants for the Prevention and Management of Kidney Stones: Preclinical and Clinical Evidence and Molecular Mechanisms

“…Nyman [ 100 ], Hordeum vulgare L. [ 101 ], Hygrophila spinosa T.Anderson [ 102 ], Hypericum perforatum L. [ 103 ], Launaea procumbens L. [ 104 ], Lygodium japonicum (Thunb.) Sw. [ 105 ], Orthosiphon grandiflorus Bold. [ 106 ], Paronychia argentea Lam.…”

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“…[15] So far, a lot of laboratory models have been reviewed to investigate the precise mechanism of the formation of kidney stones and to identify the factors affecting the prevention and treatment of stones. [13,14,[16][17][18][19] Due to their similarity to humans in the formation of calcium oxalate deposit, rats were used to test kidney stones. [20] Induced kidney stone in the laboratory mouse model is often carried out by EG alone or in combination with other substances, including AC.…”

“…[7,13] In experimental groups, Ds extracts were administered by gavage. Animals were selected randomly and divided into 8 groups of 8 (14), as follows:…”