The Inheritance and Evolution of Leaf Pigmentation and Pubescence in Teosinte

Lauter, Nick; Gustus, C. D.; Westerbergh, Anna; Doebley, John

doi:10.1534/genetics.104.026997

Cited by 59 publications

(99 citation statements)

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“…Consistent with previous work suggesting adaptive introgression from teosinte, the Mesoamerican highland population shares a larger proportion of SNPs identified as adaptive in teosinte . We also see more F ST outliers in Mesoamerica in regions introgressed from teosinte and that overlap with QTL for differences between parviglumis and mexicana (Lauter et al 2004;Hufford et al 2013). Finally, although our SNP data are enriched in low-copy genic regions, our results are consistent with both genome-wide association studies in maize (Wallace et al 2014) and local adaptation in teosinte in finding an excess of putatively adaptive SNPs in intergenic regions of the genome.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…The modeling highlights that our outlier approach may not detect traits undergoing convergent evolution if the genetic architecture of the trait is such that mutation at a large number of nucleotides would have equivalent effects on fitness (i.e., adaptive traits have a large mutational target). While QTL analysis suggests that some of the traits suggested to be adaptive in highland conditions may be determined by only a few loci (Lauter et al 2004), others such as flowering time (Buckler et al 2009) are likely to be the result of a large number of loci, each with small and perhaps similar effects on phenotype. Future quantitative genetic analysis of highland traits using genome-wide association methods may prove useful in searching for the signal of selection on such highly quantitative traits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…mexicana (hereafter mexicana) is native to the highlands of central Mexico, where it is thought to have occurred since at least the last glacial maximum (Ross-Ibarra et al 2009;Hufford et al 2012a). Phenotypic differences between mexicana and the lowland parviglumis mirror those between highland and lowland maize (Lauter et al 2004), and population genetic analyses of the two subspecies reveal evidence of natural selection associated with altitudinal differences (Fang et al 2012;Pyhäjärvi et al 2013). Landraces in the highlands of Mexico are often found in sympatry with mexicana and gene flow from mexicana likely contributed to maize adaptation to the highlands .…”

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confidence: 92%

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Independent Molecular Basis of Convergent Highland Adaptation in Maize

et al. 2015

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Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar traits in different species or lineages of the same species; this often is a result of adaptation to similar environments, a process referred to as convergent adaptation. We investigate here the molecular basis of convergent adaptation in maize to highland climates in Mesoamerica and South America, using genome-wide SNP data. Taking advantage of archaeological data on the arrival of maize to the highlands, we infer demographic models for both populations, identifying evidence of a strong bottleneck and rapid expansion in South America. We use these models to then identify loci showing an excess of differentiation as a means of identifying putative targets of natural selection and compare our results to expectations from recently developed theory on convergent adaptation. Consistent with predictions across a wide parameter space, we see limited evidence for convergent evolution at the nucleotide level in spite of strong similarities in overall phenotypes. Instead, we show that selection appears to have predominantly acted on standing genetic variation and that introgression from wild teosinte populations appears to have played a role in highland adaptation in Mexican maize.KEYWORDS convergent evolution; highland adaptation; maize; population genomics C ONVERGENT evolution occurs when multiple species or populations exhibit similar phenotypic adaptations to comparable environmental challenges (Wood et al. 2005;Arendt and Reznick 2008;Elmer and Meyer 2011). Evolutionary genetic analysis of a wide range of species has provided evidence for multiple pathways that lead to convergent evolution. One such route occurs when identical mutations arise independently and fix via natural selection in multiple populations. In humans, for example, malaria resistance due to mutations from Glu to Val at the sixth codon of the b-globin gene has arisen independently on multiple unique haplotypes (Currat et al. 2002;Kwiatkowski 2005). Convergent evolution can also be achieved when different mutations arise within the same locus yet produce similar phenotypic effects. Grain fragrance in rice appears to have evolved along these lines, as populations across East Asia have similar fragrances resulting from at least eight distinct loss-of-function alleles in the BADH2 gene (Kovach et al. 2009). Finally, convergent evolution may arise from natural selection acting on standing genetic variation in an ancestral population. In the three-spined stickleback, natural selection has repeatedly acted to reduce armor plating in independent colonizations of freshwater environments. Adaptation in these populations occurred both from new mutations and from standing variation at the Eda locus in marine populations (Colosimo et al. 2005).Not all convergent phenotypic evolution is the result of convergent evolution at the molecular level, however. Recent studies of adaptation to high elevation in humans, for example, reveal that the genes involved in highland adaptation are largely dist...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 92%

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Independent Molecular Basis of Convergent Highland Adaptation in Maize

et al. 2015

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“…Satish et al [94] identified eight QTLs (quantitative trait loci) for trichome density using sorghum, two of which were specific for upper leaf surface, the remaining six specific to the lower leaf surface. Four QTL were identified in maize for trichome density by Lauter et al [98], several of which were syntenic to those determined in sorghum. By breeding for increased trichome densities and beneficial morphology, improved resistance to insect herbivory, specific per host-herbivore relationship can be achieved.…”

Section: Energy and Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop Breeding for Low Input Agriculture: A Sustainable Response to Feed a Growing World Population

2011

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World population is projected to reach its maximum (~10 billion people) by the year 2050. This 45% increase of the current world population (approaching seven billion people) will boost the demand for food and raw materials. However, we live in a historical moment when supply of phosphate, water, and oil are at their peaks. Modern agriculture is fundamentally based on varieties bred for high performance under high input systems (fertilizers, water, oil, pesticides), which generally do not perform well under low-input situations. We propose a shift of research goals and plant breeding objectives from high-performance agriculture at high-energy input to those with an improved rationalization between yield and energy input. Crop breeding programs that are more focused on nutrient economy and local environmental fitness will help reduce energy demands for crop production while still providing adequate amounts of high quality food as global resources decline and population is projected to increase.

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“…Mexicana also has red, hairy leaf sheaths in contrast to the green and glabrous leaf sheaths of parviglumis [1], traits thought to be important for adaptation to the cool temperatures of the Mexican highlands [5]. Differentiation at the morphological level is accompanied by genetic divergence [3], [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inferences from the Historical Distribution of Wild and Domesticated Maize Provide Ecological and Evolutionary Insight

et al. 2012

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BackgroundThe species Zea mays includes both domesticated maize (ssp. mays) and its closest wild relatives known as the teosintes. While genetic and archaeological studies have provided a well-established history of Z. mays evolution, there is currently minimal description of its current and past distribution. Here, we implemented species distribution modeling using paleoclimatic models of the last interglacial (LI; ∼135,000 BP) and the last glacial maximum (LGM; ∼21,000 BP) to hindcast the distribution of Zea mays subspecies over time and to revisit current knowledge of its phylogeography and evolutionary history.Methodology/Principal FindingsUsing a large occurrence data set and the distribution modeling MaxEnt algorithm, we obtained robust present and past species distributions of the two widely distributed teosinte subspecies (ssps. parviglumis and mexicana) revealing almost perfect complementarity, stable through time, of their occupied distributions. We also investigated the present distributions of primitive maize landraces, which overlapped but were broader than those of the teosintes. Our data reinforced the idea that little historical gene flow has occurred between teosinte subspecies, but maize has served as a genetic bridge between them. We observed an expansion of teosinte habitat from the LI, consistent with population genetic data. Finally, we identified locations potentially serving as refugia for the teosintes throughout epochs of climate change and sites that should be targeted in future collections.Conclusion/SignificanceThe restricted and highly contrasting ecological niches of the wild teosintes differ substantially from domesticated maize. Variables determining the distributions of these taxa can inform future considerations of local adaptation and the impacts of climate change. Our assessment of the changing distributions of Zea mays taxa over time offers a unique glimpse into the history of maize, highlighting a strategy for the study of domestication that may prove useful for other species.

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The Inheritance and Evolution of Leaf Pigmentation and Pubescence in Teosinte

Cited by 59 publications

References 45 publications

Independent Molecular Basis of Convergent Highland Adaptation in Maize

Independent Molecular Basis of Convergent Highland Adaptation in Maize

Crop Breeding for Low Input Agriculture: A Sustainable Response to Feed a Growing World Population

Inferences from the Historical Distribution of Wild and Domesticated Maize Provide Ecological and Evolutionary Insight

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