The "Inherent Bad Faith Model" Reconsidered: Dulles, Kennedy, and Kissinger

Stuart, Douglas T.; Starr, Harvey

doi:10.2307/3791139

Cited by 41 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Deutsch (1983) has shown how this folk theory of war can precipitate a malignant social conflict that becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy as it spirals out of control, each side perceiving only the worst of the other. Holsti (1972) and Stuart and Starr (1982) have shown how some American presidents and their advisors have built an inherent bad faith image of the Soviet Union growing out of this folk theory. They perceived that all behaviors of the Soviet Union were motivated by expansionary intentions and hostile feelings.…”

Section: From Individual To Collective Imagesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Nationalism, Patriotism, and Group Loyalty: A Social Psychological Perspective

Druckman¹

1994

Mershon International Studies Review

389

236

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Section: From Individual To Collective Imagesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Nationalism, Patriotism, and Group Loyalty: A Social Psychological Perspective

Druckman¹

1994

Mershon International Studies Review

389

236

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“…Military assertiveness versus cooperativeness (George, ; Holsti, ; McLellan, ) involves one's beliefs about the efficacy and legitimacy of military instruments and was assessed using a six‐question scale (Herrmann & Keller, ). Distrust is a tendency to regard with suspicion the motives underlying others’ behavior (Stuart & Starr, ; Tucker, ); this disposition produces magnified threat perceptions and more aggressive policy choices (Driver, ; Holsti, ). We measure subjects’ distrust using 10 questions from Rotter's () Interpersonal Trust Scale.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Problem Representation, Option Generation, and Poliheuristic Theory: An Experimental Analysis

Keller

Yang

2015

Political Psychology

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Poliheuristic (PH) theory has received strong empirical support for its depiction of the option selection process: it explains how leaders evaluate, weigh, and ultimately choose among a set of policy options. But PH theory does not explain how this initial set of options is generated. Foreign policy problem representation (PR) research has shown that the way in which leaders mentally represent decision problems determines which options are generated for consideration. In this article, we develop a hybrid PR‐PH framework in which leaders’ problem representations drive an unconscious screening process that occurs prior to the conscious screening of PH stage 1. We test hypotheses drawn from this framework experimentally and find that key elements of PR (most notably, perceived threat) determine which options consciously occur to decision makers and which options are not generated during a simulated foreign policy crisis.

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“…Need for power involves a desire to influence or control others and may be expressed in relatively manipulative actions or a willingness to violate certain norms of “fair play” in order to achieve one's goals (McClelland ; Preston ; Terhune ; Winter ). Distrust refers to a general suspicion regarding other actors’ intentions and leads to heightened threat perceptions and a willingness to act forcefully (often preemptively) to deal with perceived challenges at home and abroad (Driver ; Holsti ; Shannon and Keller ; Stuart and Starr ). Nationalism involves strong attachments to one's ingroup, suspicion of outside actors, and a tendency to appeal to national unity and patriotic messages to mobilize political support (Crow and Noel ; Druckman ; LeVine and Campbell ).…”

Section: Linking the Individual Domestic And Interstate: Does Psychmentioning

confidence: 99%

Don't Tread on Me: Constraint‐Challenging Presidents and Strategic Conflict Avoidance

Keller¹,

Foster²

2016

Pres Stud Q

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Recent research demonstrates that U.S. presidents’ psychological predispositions influence the frequency with which they choose diversionary foreign policy strategies. The purpose of this article is to extend the expectations of this “first‐image” theory of diversion to the strategic behavior of potential diversionary targets. We posit that U.S. presidents whose spontaneous public rhetoric indicates a willingness to challenge pacifying constraints should be viewed by potential enemies as more likely to engage in diversionary conflict. Building upon the “strategic conflict avoidance” perspective, we expect that when such presidents encounter diversionary incentives, other states will increase cooperation toward and avoid initiation of military disputes against the United States. Time‐series analyses of behavior toward the United States for the period 1953–2000 largely bear out this expectation, as interstate rivals increase cooperation toward, and all states decrease militarized incident initiation against, the United States when economic misery is high and presidents whose rhetoric has revealed a proclivity for challenging constraints are in office.

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The "Inherent Bad Faith Model" Reconsidered: Dulles, Kennedy, and Kissinger

Cited by 41 publications

References 17 publications

Nationalism, Patriotism, and Group Loyalty: A Social Psychological Perspective

Nationalism, Patriotism, and Group Loyalty: A Social Psychological Perspective

Problem Representation, Option Generation, and Poliheuristic Theory: An Experimental Analysis

Don't Tread on Me: Constraint‐Challenging Presidents and Strategic Conflict Avoidance

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