In public discourse on violent media effects, positions often become polarized: Violent media are either blamed for violent acts or are said to have no effect whatsoever. Decades of media violence research is often absent from this discussion, despite every major relevant scientific organization agreeing with the conclusion that media violence is a causal risk factor for aggression. A nuanced interpretation of these effects is needed, one where media violence is neither necessary nor sufficient for aggression but is, instead, one of many known risk factors for it. We begin this chapter by clarifying how researchers and laypersons refer to the concepts of “aggression,” “media violence,” and “causation.” Next, we describe the general aggression model, a theoretical framework guiding much of the violent media research, which is followed by a review of the empirical evidence. Finally, we address criticisms of this research, demonstrating how many are unwarranted or grounded in fallacious reasoning.