Implicit cognitive aggression among young male prisoners: Association with dispositional and current aggression

Ireland, Jane L.; Adams, Christine

doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2015.03.012

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…Similar results have been found in a variety of domains, such as beliefs regarding alcohol consumption (Reich et al, 2010) and attitudes about physical exercise (Markland et al, 2015). Furthermore, these implicit cognitions are found to influence human responses for a wide range of behaviors (Czopp et al, 2004;Ireland & Adams, 2015).…”

Section: Implicit Associationssupporting

confidence: 70%

The Influence of Implicit Math Anxiety on Math Achievement

2020

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Previous work has noted that math anxiety may have a profound effect on math performance; however extant research has relied on measures that explicitly assess math anxiety. This study examined the effects of implicit math anxiety on the performance of a math achievement task. We hypothesized that combined measure of implicit anxiety and explicit anxiety would better predict math achievement than measures of explicit math anxiety alone. In addition, we hypothesized that an individuals’ measured implicit anxiety and measured explicit anxiety would share only a modest correlation. To test these hypotheses, 175 participants completed measures of explicit anxiety, an implicit associations test designed to measure implicit anxiety, and a measure of math achievement. As expected, math achievement was better predicted when implicit anxiety was combined with explicit anxiety. Furthermore, scores on the implicit and explicit anxiety measures were not significantly correlated. These results suggest that implicit and explicit math anxiety are two distinct constructs, thus traditional methods for helping students deal with math anxiety may not be entirely successful if the implicit component is ignored.

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Section: Implicit Associationssupporting

confidence: 70%

The Influence of Implicit Math Anxiety on Math Achievement

2020

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“…19 some argued to represent a dispositional trait (Ireland & Adams, 2015). The current study suggests that the association between sleep and aggression can be extended beyond the most explicit assessment of aggressive dispositional traits (Ireland & Culpin, 2006) to more implicit dispositional traits.…”

Section: Sleep and Aggression Among Prisonersmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Todorov & Bargh, 2002;James et al, 2005;Ireland & Birch, 2013;Bluemke, Friedrich & Zumbach, 2009;Frost, Ko & James, 2007). The findings have also extended to prison samples where the more impulsive implicit processing, rather than the more cognitively effortful processing, is thought to relate to increased aggression tendencies (Ireland & Adams, 2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 75%

Sleep and its association with aggression among prisoners: Quantity or quality?

Barker

Ireland

Chu

et al. 2016

International Journal of Law and Psychiatry

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Objective: The current paper aims to examine the association between self-reported sleep quality and quantity and how these relate to aggression motivation and hostile cognition in a male prisoner sample. The cognitive component of sleep, namely perception, is consequently a variable of particular interest and one neglected by previous research. Methods:Two independent studies are presented. The first comprised 95 adult male prisoners who completed a sleep quality index along with measures of implicit and explicit aggression. The second study extended this to consider aggression motivation and hostile attribution biases using a sample of 141 young male adult prisoners. Results:In study one, sleep quantity and indicators of sleep quality were found not to associate with aggression whereas the perception of poor sleep did; those perceiving poor sleep quality were more likely than those perceiving good sleep to report they had perpetrated aggression in the previous week and to report higher levels of implicit aggression. Study two found that while increased indicators of poor sleep quality were associated with lower prosocial attribution tendencies and higher levels of reactive and proactive aggression, sleep quantity was not associated. The perception of poor quality sleep was important; those perceiving poor sleep were more likely to report higher levels of reactive and proactive aggression than those reporting good sleep. Conclusions:Collectively the studies highlight the importance of accounting for the perception of sleep quality as an important cognitive component in understanding the association between sleep and aggression.Keywords: sleep; aggression motivation; implicit aggression; prisoners SLEEP AND AGGRESSION AMONG PRISONERS 3 Sleep and its association with aggression among prisoners: Quantity or quality?Sleep quality and quantity can impact on cognition, emotion (e.g. Pilcher, Ginter & Sadowsky, 1997;Hyyppa, Kronholm & Mattlar, 1991;Koffel & Watson, 2009) and psychosocial functioning, including relationships (Tavernier & Willoughby, 2014). Poor sleep is known to adversely affect health related quality of life, a concept capturing physical, emotional, mental, social and behavioural components of well-being (Roeser, Eichholz, Schwerdtle, Schlarb & Kübler, 2012a). In non-clinical populations good sleep quantity and quality is correlated with improved health (e.g. Bellec, 1973;Hyyppa et al, 1991). Good sleep quality has, however, been found to relate better to measures of health and well being than sleep quantity, including both depression and anger (Pilcher et al, 1997). In addition, sleep difficulties, including insomnia, poor sleep quality, hypersomnia, fatigue and sleepiness have all been related to symptoms of anxiety and depression; hypersomnia, fatigue and sleepiness related to depression and anxiety more strongly than the other elements and in particular to depression. This was expected since depression can be characterised by such symptoms (e.g. Koffel & Watson 2009). Indeed, the associati...

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“…Our findings advance our understanding of ostracism by investigating its impact on automatic aggression. It is useful to distinguish between two different types of aggression in terms of the level of control versus automaticity (Richetin and Richardson, 2008; Ireland and Adams, 2015). Past research has mainly focused on the harmful effects of ostracism on the controlled process in aggression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, implicit measures of automatic aggression are less influenced by social desirability than are self-reported measures of controlled aggression (Richetin and Richardson, 2008; Banse et al, 2015). Prior studies have consistently shown that automatic or implicitly measured aggression is a robust predictor of aggressive behaviors (e.g., Uhlmann and Swanson, 2004; Grumm et al, 2011; Banse et al, 2015; Ireland and Adams, 2015). The present research therefore aimed to empirically examine the link between ostracism and automatic aggression as well as its underlying mechanism and potential boundary conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ostracism Increases Automatic Aggression: The Role of Anger and Forgiveness

Zhang

Shao

et al. 2019

Front. Psychol.

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While research on the “ostracism-aggression” link has focused on controlled processes in aggression, little effort has been devoted to examining the relation between ostracism and automatic aggression. Based on theories of aggression, we found that ostracized participants reported higher levels of automatic aggression than included participants (Studies 1 and 2). Furthermore, the association between ostracism and automatic aggression was mediated by anger and was especially prominent for people low in forgiveness (as compared to people high in forgiveness; Study 3). The implications of these findings are discussed.

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Implicit cognitive aggression among young male prisoners: Association with dispositional and current aggression

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

The Influence of Implicit Math Anxiety on Math Achievement

The Influence of Implicit Math Anxiety on Math Achievement

Sleep and its association with aggression among prisoners: Quantity or quality?

Ostracism Increases Automatic Aggression: The Role of Anger and Forgiveness

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