The influence of using different substrates on the structural and optical characteristics of ZnO thin films

Effect Cd Doping on the Structural and Optical Properties of ZnO Thin Films

“…The Cd content increased as the optical band gap decreased from 3.255 eV to 3.17 eV. This result agrees with other works [8,29]. The absorption edge exhibited a red shift as the Cd doping concentration increased [1,14,34].…”

“…The lattice constants (unit cell parameters of ZnO thin films) a and c were calculated from the XRD patterns as 3.27 and 5.242 Å, respectively, both of which are in good agreement with the bulk values [3,4,12,15,[28][29][30]. The XRD patterns of the ZnO:Cd thin films annealed at 400 °C are shown in Fig.…”

“…The free carrier absorption of photons may also contribute to the observed reduction in the optical transmission of heavily doped films and thin film interference effects [3,29]. The optical transmission spectra of the ZnO:Cd films annealed at 400 °C are shown in Fig.…”

Study of Cavitation Erosion Experiments on Thermally Oxidized Rutile Phase TiO<SUB>2</SUB> Films on Stainless Steel

“…The SEM was equipped with energy-dispersive Xray (EDX) analysis for the detection of the chemical composition of the films. Figure 2 shows the X-ray diffraction patterns generated from three typical samples: uncoated steel substrate (reference sample), steel substrate coated with titanium film and Ti coated steel substrate after oxidation at 620°C for 7 h. For the reference sample, four diffraction peaks can be observed, reflecting the typical structure of stainless steel [22,23]. After 20 min of titanium deposition by cathodic arc vacuum technique, film thickness of 1 µm was achieved.…”

“…In addition, no anatase phase was observed in the entire oxidized samples see Figure 2(c). Oxidation at these temperatures in O 2 environment facilitates the conversion of Ti films to rutile-TiO 2 [23]. Figure 3 b shows the EDX-spectrum of a ~1 µm thick film, which was deposited within 20 min and oxidized at 620 °C.…”