The influence of training status on the drop in muscle strength after acute exercise

Pingel, Jessica; Moerch, L.; Kjær, Michael; Langberg, Henning

doi:10.1007/s00421-009-1055-0

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…Contrary to the changes in muscle mass reported previously [28], we found no significant modulation of total or phosphoprotein levels of Akt, GSK3β, 4EBP1, ubiquitin or MURF1 in Study 2 (Figure 3B). Total and phosphorylated levels of mTOR and S6k were below the detection threshold.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Muscle strength was measured after 2 (REHAB 2 W) and 6 (REHAB (6 W) weeks of rehabilitation and muscle CSA was measured at the REHAB (6 W) time point as well. Muscle strength and size data from the PRE and IMMO time points in this study have been reported elsewhere [28]. Muscle strength and size were measured as described previously [28,29] Briefly, strength was maximal voluntary (isometric) plantarflexion strength with extended knee exerted against a plate connected to a strain gauge, while muscle CSA was measured from MR slice scans 10 cm distal to the caput fibula.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of 2 weeks lower limb immobilization and two separate rehabilitation regimens on gastrocnemius muscle protein turnover signaling and normalization genes

et al. 2012

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Background Limb immobilization causes a rapid loss of muscle mass and strength that requires appropriate rehabilitation to ensure restoration of normal function. Whereas the knowledge of muscle mass signaling with immobilization has increased in recent years, the molecular regulation in the rehabilitation of immobilization-induced muscle atrophy is only sparsely studied. To investigate the phosphorylation and expression of candidate key molecular muscle mass regulators after immobilization and subsequent rehabilitation we performed two separate studies. Methods We immobilized the lower limb for 2 weeks followed by the in-house hospital standard physiotherapy rehabilitation (Study 1). Secondly, we conducted an intervention study using the same 2 weeks immobilization protocol during which protein/carbohydrate supplementation was given. This was followed by 6 weeks of rehabilitation in the form of resistance training and continued protein/carbohydrate supplementation (Study 2). We obtained muscle biopsies from the medial gastrocnemius prior to immobilization (PRE), post-immobilization (IMMO) and post-rehabilitation (REHAB) and measured protein expression and phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR, S6k, 4E-BP1, GSK3β, ubiquitin and MURF1 and mRNA expression of Atrogin-1, MURF1, FOXO1, 3 and 4 as well as appropriate housekeeping genes. Results In both studies, no changes in protein expression or phosphorylation for any measured protein were observed. In Study 1, FOXO3 and FOXO4 mRNA expression decreased after IMMO and REHAB compared to PRE, whereas other mRNAs remained unchanged. Interestingly, we found significant changes in expression of the putative housekeeping genes GAPDH, HADHA and S26 with immobilization in both studies. Conclusions In neither study, the changes in muscle mass associated with immobilization and rehabilitation were accompanied by expected changes in expression of atrophy-related genes or phosphorylation along the Akt axis. Unexpectedly, we observed significant changes in several of the so-called housekeeping genes GAPDH, HADHA and S26 with immobilization in both studies, thereby questioning the usefulness of these genes for normalization of RNA data purposes in muscle immobilization studies.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of 2 weeks lower limb immobilization and two separate rehabilitation regimens on gastrocnemius muscle protein turnover signaling and normalization genes

et al. 2012

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“…Reductions in spontaneous activity due to asthenia have been reported to occur after acute ESs, especially after the resistance to activity in untrained volunteers, which may indicate the need for caution when prescribing this type of activity to elderly subjects. 38,39 In conclusion, a single session of aerobic exercise with walking was effective for immediate and late BP reductions in elderly volunteers. The use of activity monitors to determine the actual periods of sleep was more effective for detecting reductions in BP during sleep than the fixed-time method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Effect of a single session of aerobic walking exercise on arterial pressure in community-living elderly individuals

et al. 2012

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Several studies have demonstrated that one exercise session (ES) on a cycloergometer or ergometric treadmill causes a reduction in blood pressure (BP). However, there are few similar studies on walking, which is the exercise modality most available to the elderly. We investigated the immediate and 24-h effects of walking on BP in independent, community-living elderly individuals. Volunteers participated in a single ES and resting control session (CS). Before and after each session, BP was measured by auscultatory and oscillometric methods. After each session, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was conducted. An accelerometer was installed 48 h before the sessions and left in place for 5 days. The mean volunteer age was 67.7 ± 3.5 years; 11 were hypertensive patients under treatment, and 12 were normotensive. In the total sample, there were immediate 14mm Hg and 12 mm Hg reductions in systolic BP (SBP) after the ES according to the auscultatory and oscillometric methods, respectively. Diastolic BP (DBP) was reduced by 4 mm Hg after the ES according to both methods. SBP during wakefulness and sleep and DBP during wakefulness were lower after the ES than after the CS (Po0.01), when wakefulness and sleep were determined individually (variable-time pattern) using data from the activity monitors and provided by the volunteers. Keywords: actigraph; aerobic exercise; ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; blood pressure; elderly individuals INTRODUCTIONThe aging process is associated with many important physiological changes, of which increased blood pressure (BP) is one of the most well known. In addition to regular physical exercise, a single session of acute exercise has also been observed to reduce BP during the recovery period.Hypotensive responses have been observed in hypertensive animals 1,2 and normotensive (NT) and hypertensive humans. [3][4][5][6] The magnitude of the hypotensive response to aerobic exercise varies between NT and hypertensive subjects and young and elderly subjects. In a study conducted in NT and hypertensive elderly persons, 6 reduced BP was observed only in hypertensive subjects after executing a single exercise session (ES) on a cycloergometer. In another study including only NT women, 7 a marked reduction in BP was observed after acute dynamic exercise in middle-aged and elderly women but not in young women. Other studies 8,9 have shown greater BP reductions in persons aged 41-60 years compared with older and younger individuals.Ambulatory arterial blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) has been extensively used to obtain more detailed information about BP

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“…Reduction in maximal force and skeletal muscle fatigue after 1 hour of running was 41% in the immobilized leg (for 2 weeks) and 10% in the other leg of young nonathletes. 19 Interesting findings have been discovered when studying changes in strength measurements on a weekly basis. The ES did not change significantly only in the fifth and the tenth week.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Strength, Endurance, and Fatigue During a Resistance-Training Program for the Triceps Brachii Muscle

Popadic-Gacesa

Klasnja

Grujić

2013

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: As a result of the adaptation process, some functional properties show different functions over time during strength training. Muscle strength and fatigue may show different adaptation patterns in reaching the improvement plateau after several weeks of training.Objective: To follow muscle endurance and fatigue values during resistance training of the elbow extensors in young nonathletes.Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Setting: Controlled laboratory.Patients or Other Participants: Nineteen healthy young nonathletes (age ¼ 21.0 6 1.1 years; body mass index ¼ 25.2 6 2.9 kg/m 2 ). Intervention(s): Triceps brachii resistance training was performed on the isoacceleration dynamometer for 10 weeks (frequency ¼ 5 times a week, 5 sets of 10 maximal elbow extensions, 1-minute resting period between sets).Main Outcome Measure(s): Measurements of endurance strength and fatigability were conducted using the same equipment, and endurance strength (ES), fatigue rate (FR), and decrease in strength (DS) were defined.Results: All measured values for triceps brachii strength changed after training (ES increased by 57%, FR decreased by 68%, and DS improved by 59%; P , .001). No correlation was found between ES and the fatigability values-FR and DS (r 2 ¼ 0.37 for FR and r 2 ¼ 0.04 for DS; P . .05). The FR and DS trends showed specific functions, which reached a plateau after 4 weeks of training, and we found no further weekly changes in these values as the training continued. As an adaptation to exercise, ES showed a continuous, yet not linear, increase.Conclusions: Fatigability in the triceps brachii decreased in the first 4 weeks of training. After that period, muscle functional properties improved as a result of increased endurance.Key Words: conditioning, upper extremity, athletes Key PointsFatigue of the triceps brachii muscle decreased during the first 4 weeks of strength training. Decreased strength of the triceps brachii muscle during multiple contractions plateaued after 4 training weeks. Further improvement in muscle functional properties was a result of increased endurance.S trength training leads to functional and morphologic adaptations of skeletal muscles. 1-5 Different effects are expected from different intensities, frequencies, and durations of a training protocol. A greater increase in strength is accomplished with maximal loads, a smaller number of repetitions, and shorter rest periods between sessions. More repetitions in a series with smaller loads and longer interseries intervals increase endurance.6-8 Surely, the adaptation effects are also closely related to age, genetic predisposition, muscle or fiber types, previous training history, and hormonal or other influences. 8,9 In any case, the objective of a training program is to increase the function of skeletal muscles, which relates not only to maximal muscle strength and power but also to endurance and fatigue. Endurance is the ability of a muscle to maintain its function throughout time and multiple contractions. Muscle endurance can be expre...

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The influence of training status on the drop in muscle strength after acute exercise

Cited by 7 publications

References 42 publications

Effects of 2 weeks lower limb immobilization and two separate rehabilitation regimens on gastrocnemius muscle protein turnover signaling and normalization genes

Effects of 2 weeks lower limb immobilization and two separate rehabilitation regimens on gastrocnemius muscle protein turnover signaling and normalization genes

Effect of a single session of aerobic walking exercise on arterial pressure in community-living elderly individuals

Changes in Strength, Endurance, and Fatigue During a Resistance-Training Program for the Triceps Brachii Muscle

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