The influence of thyroid hormones on cholesterol metabolism in experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits

Myasnikov, A. A.; Myasnikov, L. A.; Zaitzev, V.F.

doi:10.1016/s0368-1319(63)80007-1

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Hypothyroidism is associated with an increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (Ichiki, 2010) and cardiovascular morbidity (Hak et al, 2000) , which is in accordance with autopsy studies showing that the atherosclerotic process is increased in hypothyroidism (Steinberg, 1968) and decreased in hyperthyroidism (Myasnikov et al, 1963). The increased cardiovascular morbidity in hypothyroid patients has been related to elevated levels of cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), which are normalized after thyoid hormones replacement (Yazbeck et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Relationship between total homocysteine, total cholesterol and creatinine levels in overt hypothyroid patients

et al. 2013

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Hypothyroidism is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease, which can not be fully explained by the atherogenic lipid profile, particularly total cholesterol and LDL-C, and other pathogenic factors may be involved. Plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and accelerated atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the serum total homocysteine (tHcy) levels and its relation to total cholesterol, creatinine and thyroid hormones fT3, fT4 and TSH levels in overt hypothyroid patients compared to control subjects. In this study thirty recently diagnosed, non-treated overt hypothyroid patients (f=27, m=3) and twenty normal volunteers control (f=18, m=2) were included and subjected to determination of serum tHcy by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) technique, fT3, fT4 and TSH by Elecsys cobas e 601 analyzer, total cholesterol by enzymatic method and creatinine by kinetic method. The data was statistically analysed by SPSS-10 and p values less than 0.05 were considered significant.Our results showed that there were a significant increase of tHcy, TSH, T.cholesterol and creatinine levels by 113%, 12-folds, 58% and 54%, respectively, and a significant decrease of fT4 and fT3 levels by 49.6% and 56.4% , respectively, in hypothyroid patients than in control group. For tHcy (Mean±SD, 24.45±5.50 μmol/l vs 11.48±3.03 μmol/l, respectively; P < 0.001). tHcy was significantly positively correlated with TSH, creatinine and age and negatively correlated with free thyroxine (fT4) and no significant correlations with fT3 and T.cholesterol. In conclusion, our study confirmed the observation of elevated serum tHcy, T.cholesterol and creatinine in overt hypothyroidism and the presence of an inverse relation between tHcy with fT4 and a positive relation with TSH.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Relationship between total homocysteine, total cholesterol and creatinine levels in overt hypothyroid patients

et al. 2013

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“…This agrees with experimental data to show that thyroid hormone deficiency potentiates the development of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed animals and that thyroid hormone administration can inhibit atherogenesis. 23 The incidence of coronary disease in our series is unknown but it is of interest that the patient in whom a clinical diagnosis of angina pectoris was made was the only patient to show a small fall in left ventricular ejection fraction on exercise in the hypothyroid state. A fall in left ventricular contractile performance on exercise is readily demonstrable in patients with coronary disease24 and this is the probable explanation in this patient.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Left ventricular function in hypothyroidism. Responses to exercise and beta adrenoceptor blockade.

Forfar¹,

Muir²,

Toft³

1982

Heart

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EdinburghSUMMARY The effects of exercise and beta adrenoceptor blockade on left ventricular function were assessed in eight patients with hypothyroidism before and during thyroxine replacement treatment. Left ventricular ejection fraction, measured by radionuclide ventriculography, was reduced in hypothyroid patients at rest and on exercise. The rise in ejection fraction with exercise was, however, similar in both groups. Pretreatment with intravenous propranolol reduced the ejection fraction at rest 9% in both hypothyroid and euthyroid patients and reduced the rise on exercise. Directional changes in a second index of myocardial contractility based on the shape of the ventricular volume curve paralleled the changes in the ejection fraction. Left ventricular function is therefore reversibly depressed by thyroid hormone deficiency but responses to exercise and beta adrenoceptor blockade are normal. There is no evidence of altered adrenergic sensitivity in the control of myocardial contractility in hypothyroidism.The clinical effects of varying thyroid function on the cardiovascular system have been recognised for many years. The mechanism of altered myocardial contractile function in hypothyroidism has, however, been less intensively studied. The bradycardia and cardiomegaly of myxoedema are familiar, and experimentally impaired myocardial contractility is well documented.

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“…Elevated levels of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol are well‐documented features of overt hypothyroidism (5,6). We confirmed the observation that elevated serum total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels in overt hypothyroid patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a substantial amount of evidence indicating an association between hypothyroidism and increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality (1–3). Autopsy studies as well as animal experiments revealed that coronary artery disease is more common in hypothyroid patients and prevented by adequate thyroid hormone replacement (4–6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which thyroid-stimulating hormone level should be sought in hypothyroid patients under l-thyroxine replacement therapy?

Gürsoy

Cin

Kamel

et al. 2006

International Journal of Clinical Practice

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We sought to determine whether relationships exist between level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression and cardiovascular risk parameters such as plasma homocysteine, C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, D-dimer and serum cholesterol in patients taking L-thyroxine-replacement therapy (LT4-RT). Four hundred and two hypothyroid patients under LT4-RT were cross-sectionally evaluated. Patients were grouped according to their achieved TSH (mIU/l) levels under LT4-RT on an arbitrary manner. Those patients having a TSH value 0.4-2 were defined as group 1 (n = 154), a TSH level of 2 to less than 5.5 were defined as group 2 (n = 176) and a TSH level of 5.5 to less than 20 with a normal free T3 and free T4 level were defined as group 3 (n = 72). The three groups of patients were also compared with overt hypothyroid patients (n = 71) and healthy controls (n = 97). Homocysteine levels (micromol/l) were significantly different between the three groups (10.4 +/- 4 for group 1, 11.3 +/- 3.7 for group 2 and 13.5 +/- 4.7 for group 3; p < 0.01 for all groups). Significant differences in CRP (mg /l) levels were present between the three groups (2.6 +/- 2.6 for group 1, 3.3 +/- 2.9 for group 2 and 4.8 +/- 4.1 for group 3; p < 0.01 for all groups). Univariate analysis showed that both homocysteine and CRP levels significantly correlated with free T4 and TSH level (p < 0.01 for both groups). No statistically significant differences were noticed in respect to fibrinogen and d-dimer levels between three groups. In examining the effect of LT4-RT on lipid parameters, a tendency towards beneficial effects without achieving statistical significance was observed. Practically speaking, a target TSH level of less than 2 might be advisable to lower CRP levels and homocysteine levels, and possibly lipid parameters.

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The influence of thyroid hormones on cholesterol metabolism in experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits

Cited by 15 publications

References 13 publications

Relationship between total homocysteine, total cholesterol and creatinine levels in overt hypothyroid patients

Relationship between total homocysteine, total cholesterol and creatinine levels in overt hypothyroid patients

Left ventricular function in hypothyroidism. Responses to exercise and beta adrenoceptor blockade.

Which thyroid-stimulating hormone level should be sought in hypothyroid patients under l-thyroxine replacement therapy?

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