The influence of thermic effect of food on satiety

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate energy expenditure after three isoenergetic meals of different nutrient composition and to establish the relationship between the thermic effect of food (TEF), subsequent energy intake from a test meal and satiety sensations related to consumption. Design: The study employed a repeated measures design. Ten subjects received, in a randomized order, three meals of 2331 AE 36 kJ (557 AE 9 kcal). About 68% of energy from protein in the high protein meal (HP), 69% from carbohydrate in the high carbohydrate meal (HC) and 70% from fat in the high fat meal (HF). Setting: The experiments were performed at the University of Milan. Subjects: Ten normal body-weight healthy women. Methods: Energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetric measurements, using an open-circuit ventilated-hood system; intake was assessed 7 h later by weighing the food consumed from a test meal and satiety sensations were rated by means of a satiety rating questionnaire. Results: TEF was 261 AE 59, 92 AE 67 and 97 AE 71 kJ over 7 h after the HP, HC and HF meals, respectively. The HP meal was the most thermogenic (P`0.001) and it determined the highest sensation of fullness (P 0.002). There were no differences in the sensations and thermic effect between fat and carbohydrate meals. A signi®cant relationship linked TEF to fullness sensation (r 0.41, P 0.025). Energy intake from the test meal was comparable after HP, HC and HF meals. Conclusions: Our results suggest that TEF contributes to the satiating power of foods.

Effects of meals with high soluble fibre, high amylose barley variant on glucose, insulin, satiety and thermic effect of food in healthy lean women

“…Dietary composition influences the thermic effect of food (TEF) and it has been observed that a high-protein meal had a greater effect on TEF and was more satiating that either a high-carbohydrate or a high-fat meal (Crovetti et al, 1997). TEF and the sensation of fullness were closely linked in this study.…”

Psychobehavioral and nutritional predictors of weight loss in obese women treated with sibutramine

“…30,31 The positive association between protein consumption and weight loss might be facilitated by both increased satiety and increased postprandial thermogenesis induced by protein intake. [32][33] In our previous study, body weight loss of obese subjects during a 3-6 months weight management program was related to the increase in reported protein intake. 34 Westerterp-Plantenga et al 35 reported that a 20% increase in protein intake improved weight maintenance after weight loss in moderately obese subjects.…”

Response of appetite and potential appetite regulators following intake of high energy nutritional supplements

“…Some studies (Crovetti et al, 1998;Mansour et al, 2012;Westerterp-Plantenga et al,1997) suggest that appetite and satiety are influenced by an increase in energy expenditure in the postprandial period due to absorbing, metabolizing, and storing ingested nutrients (Tappy, 1996), a phenomenon known as diet induced thermogenesis. Studies have found that higher diet induced thermogenesis (DIT) is correlated with reduced hunger and more satiety (Crovetti et al, 1998;Mansour et al, 2012;Westerterp-Plantenga et al,1997).…”

“…Studies have found that higher diet induced thermogenesis (DIT) is correlated with reduced hunger and more satiety (Crovetti et al, 1998;Mansour et al, 2012;Westerterp-Plantenga et al,1997). Thus, the current study also aimed to find out whether appetite responses following HENSD consumption were related to change in postprandial energy expenditure.…”

“…Thus, the interaction between appetite, food intake, and the wider spectrum of hormonal appetite and satiety regulators following oral supplementation remains to be investigated. Appetite and energy intake following food or supplement consumption can also relate to their impact on gastric emptying and diet induced thermogenesis as reduced hunger and enhanced satiety were reported to be linked with delayed gastric emptying (Wang et al, 2008) and with higher diet induced thermogenesis (Crovetti, Porrini, Santangelo, & Testolin, 1998;Mansour et al, 2012). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the level of energy intake compensation in lean adult women following HENSD consumption and find out how it relates to responses of a range of hormonal and metabolic appetite regulators as well as a measure of gastric emptying and diet induced thermogenesis.…”