The influence of the structure of useful signal on the efficacy of sensitive emission of laser printers

Kubiak, Ireneusz

doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2018.01.055

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Thus, the printed shapes are recreated with some errors connected with the incorrect length of the straight lines or wall arches of the printed elements, among other things. However, when the speed and time of the printhead movement are known, determined based on the step duration specified in the spectrograms, one can estimate the printed shape dimensions basing on the graphical images [14][15][16].…”

Section: P1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Usefulness of Acoustic Sounds from 3D Printers in an Eavesdropping Process and Reconstruction of Printed Shapes

2020

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Information protection is an essential safety issue in many human activity fields. The development of computerisation (informatisation) brings new challenges in the area of non-invasive information processing in information technology (IT) systems. The known fact is that VGA, DVI/HDMI interfaces, for example, or formatter systems of laser printers that process video signals are sources of effective disclosing electromagnetic emission. Emission safety of the more and more common three-dimensional (3D) printers is less known. The selected 3D printer with the ME3DP (Material Extrusion 3D Printing) technology was tested to analyse the existing risk. Simple objects were printed during its operation to identify the stepping motor operation that are emission sources in the secondary channels. The analysis carried out focused on finding the correlation between the registered emissions and the printer head (printhead) movements when printing an object. It was shown that the analysis of the registered sensitive signal runtimes and their spectrograms allows us to recreate the printed object shape. The studies focused on measuring the acoustic signals that came from the stepping motors. The analysis of the possibilities of identifying the shapes of printed objects was based on the visual method. The article presents the study results and their analyses.

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Section: P1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Usefulness of Acoustic Sounds from 3D Printers in an Eavesdropping Process and Reconstruction of Printed Shapes

2020

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“…u -the number of characters looked for in analysed image, m -the number of characters incorrectly recognized, n -the number of characters correctly recognized, k -the number of unrecognized but looked for characters in analysed image (k = u -n), q -the number of all characters existing in analysed image. This means that during reconstruction of characters of letters and digits there are made a lot of mistakes [21,22,23]. This applies to both lowercase and capital letters and also digits (Fig.12, 13 and 14).…”

Section: Character Error Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Font Design—Shape Processing of Text Information Structures in the Process of Non-Invasive Data Acquisition

Kubiak

2019

Computers

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Computer fonts can be one of solutions supporting a protection of information against electromagnetic penetration. This solution is called "Soft TEMPEST". However, not every font has features which counteract the process of electromagnetic infiltration. The distinctive features of characters of font determine it. This article presents two sets of new computer fonts. These fonts are fully usable in everyday work. Simultaneously they make it impossible to obtain information using the non-invasive method. Names of these fonts are directly related to the shapes of the characters. Each character of these fonts is built only with vertical and horizontal lines. The differences between them consist in the different widths of the vertical lines. The Symmetrical Safe font is built from vertical lines with the same widths. The Asymmetrical Safe font is built from vertical lines with two different widths of lines. However, the appropriate proportions of the widths of the lines and clearances of each character of the safe font have to be met. The aim of this article is the presentation new solution in area of protection of information against electromagnetic penetration. It is a new approach which could replace old solutions in form of heavy shielding's, power and signal filters and also electromagnetic gaskets. Simultaneously, an application of new fonts is very easy. Only need to that the Asymmetrical Safe font or the Symmetrical Safe font is installed on computer station which processes text data.

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“…The ink used in a laser printer is toner and can be presented in the form of powder particles or dispersed in a liquid. The toner is a mixture consists of organic polymeric resins (main component), pigments, wax and other organic and organometallic additives [8][9][10][11][12]. In general, the luminescent materials in gel ink were often insoluble organic and/or inorganic pigment which gives the inks its sheen colors with other ingredients as solvents(as ethylene glycol), resins, lubricants, surfactants, corrosion inhibitors, sheer thinning agents, emulsifying agents and polymerization agents [3,5,[13][14][15].…”

Section: Si Sharaa 1 Aa Aboul El-magd 2 Aa Bakr 1 Ym Momentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second property observed under the digital microscope is the ink and toner gloss. The gel ink has glossy properties due to the presence of the luminescence materials in its composition [4] and the toner has the same properties due to the presence of wax in its composition [12,[24][25][26].…”

Section: Gloss Of Inkmentioning

confidence: 99%

The physical Application of Non-destructive Techniques in Detection the Sequence of Intersecting Gel Ink and Printed Laser Toner Strokes

et al. 2019

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D ETERMINATION the sequence of intersecting strokes is great evidence in the field of the authentication of documents. Two types of the intersection utilized in preparing the samples of gel ink and toner. The effect of the brands and models of a laser printer, the brands, and colors of gel pen, the nature of the paper surface and the time gap were studied. The samples were examined by two nondestructive techniques., the digital microscope and Raman spectroscopy. The ink properties observed under the digital microscope succeed in determining the sequence of intersection except in case of some colors of some pen brands. Raman spectroscopy combines with a digital microscope to analyze the samples which indistinguishable by the digital microscope. The combination of a digital microscope and Raman spectroscopy is an excellent forensic base to full discrimination the sequence of intersecting strokes regardless of the brands or colors of gel ink.

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The influence of the structure of useful signal on the efficacy of sensitive emission of laser printers

Cited by 20 publications

References 16 publications

Usefulness of Acoustic Sounds from 3D Printers in an Eavesdropping Process and Reconstruction of Printed Shapes

Usefulness of Acoustic Sounds from 3D Printers in an Eavesdropping Process and Reconstruction of Printed Shapes

Font Design—Shape Processing of Text Information Structures in the Process of Non-Invasive Data Acquisition

The physical Application of Non-destructive Techniques in Detection the Sequence of Intersecting Gel Ink and Printed Laser Toner Strokes

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