The Influence of the Ratio of Grain to Hay in the Ration of Dairy Calves on Certain Rumen Microorganisms

Pounden, W.D.; Hibbs, J.W.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(48)92296-6

Cited by 53 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…There was a tendency for an earlier appearance of the ciliates in the outdoor lambs but this was probably due to the favourable ration rather than the presence of the ewe. The establishment of ciliates in the indoor lambs with the ewe seemed to be largely governed by the percentage of concentrates in the ration which in turn affected the rumen pH (see Pounden & Hibbs, 1948b, for similar observations on calves).…”

Section: J M Eadiementioning

confidence: 91%

The Development of Rumen Microbial Populations in Lambs and Calves Under Various Conditions of Management

Eadie¹

1962

Journal of General Microbiology

142

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SUMMARYThe development of the rumen flora and fauna has been followed by microscopic observations of rumen fluid from 58 young lambs and calves kept under different conditions of management ; including remaining with the dam, early weaning and artificial inoculation into the rumen. Ciliatefree animals were successfully maintained by isolation from direct contact with other ruminants from an early age, but it was noted that greater space should be left between cattle than between sheep. The general effect of different diets and treatments proved similar in calves and lambs but certain differences were noted in their flora. Certain large bacteria developed in isolated lambs without direct contact between animals. Some generalizations, particularly the effect of a high concentrate diet, were applicable to all animals examined, but there were variations between individual animals. In the establishment of rumen ciliates diet was the governing factor and artificial inoculation with ciliates proved as effective as constant contact with the dam. Although the ciliate-free animals showed no differences in performance certain differences in the rumen flora common to isolated calves and lambs were noted.

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Section: J M Eadiementioning

confidence: 91%

The Development of Rumen Microbial Populations in Lambs and Calves Under Various Conditions of Management

Eadie¹

1962

Journal of General Microbiology

142

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“…In the trial two control cows were also included. The calves aged [10][11][12] weeks digested hay less efficiently and the calves aged 4-5 months almost as efficiently as the control cows ( Table 2). The ability of calves of the same age to digest hay was quite variable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the ability of calves to digest hay

Mäkelä

1960

AFSci

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Three experiments have been carried out with altogether 16 Ayrshire calves in order to determine the digestibility of timothy hay cured at the early flowering stage and containing some red clover. The ages of the calves varied from 2 ½ to 9 months. Hay was given either totally or almost ad lib. Lignin was used as tracer. In experiment 1 the ages of the six experimental calves varied from 3 to 9 months. The calves aged 5—9 months digested hay equally efficiently when com-pared with each other. The youngest calf aged 3 months digested hay less efficiently (Table 1). In Experiment 2 the ages of the six experimental calves varied from 10 to 22 weeks. In the trial two control cows were also included. The calves aged 10—12 weeks digested hay less efficiently and the calves aged 4—5 months almost as efficiently as the control cows (Table 2). The ability of calves of the same age to digest hay was quite variable. Experiment 3 was carried out with four 7 months old calves. At the end of the trial the calves were slaughtered and the contents of the different parts of the digestive tract were weighed and sampled. On the ground of the analyses of the hay, the contents of the abomasum and the faeces, the digestibilities of N-free organic matter and N-free non-lignin organic matter in the proventriculi and in the whole digestive tract were esimated. The share of the proventriculi in the total digestibility of the said substances was 82—88 per cent (Table 3). The contents of the reticulo-rumen of the calves in Experiment 3 as well as those of younger calves aged 3 ½—4 months were weighed in connection with the slaughtering. The quantity of the contents in calves of 7 months was 30—40 kg and that in calves aged 3 ½—4 months 12—15 kg.

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“…(1992). The rumen samples were immediately gassed with CO 2 and viable counts of rumen cellulolytic bacteria were determined according to the method described by Moir (1951) and Gall et al(1945) and their classification were done according to Pounden and Hibs (1948) and Sleat et al(1984).…”

Section: Preparation Of Bacterial Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Nanocobalt Particles Addition in Ruminant Rations by in Vitro Gas Production

El-Galil

El-Bordeny

2018

Egyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds

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he objectives of this paper are to evaluate the addition of nanocobalt on growth of cellulolytic bacteria, degradability of dry matter, cellulose and hemicellulose regarding In vitro gas production. The different levels of nanocobalt as addition element on fermentation kinetics were 0, 25,50,75,100 and 125 % from requirements of animal in ration as dry matter base. Cellulolytic bacteria had been isolated :Cellulomonas cellulasea, Acetobacter xylinum, Thermonospora fusca, Ruminococcus albus , Bacillus sp., Clostridium cellulovorans and Selenomonas ruminantium. Standard ration (1:1 concentrate :clover hay) was incubated for 48 hours. The results indicated that the values of DMD , Hemi.D and Cellul.D, which nanocobalt addition were higher when levels were 50 and 75% compared control. Total cellulolytic bacteria counts in rumen content were higher (P<0.05) in cobalt 100% (11.30) and nanocobalt 75,100 and 125% (11.73,12.72 and 12.20), respectively, while lower value was in nanocobalt 25% (9.72) compared control (7.58). Results revealed that added nanocobalt affect on growth of cellulolytic bacteria and increase degradability of cellulose. The nanocobalt additives had no effect on ruminal pH but more effect on ruminal ammonia and TVF's values, as well as degradability of cell wall constituents and microbial protein production. The extent of gas production was high in control ration , adding cobalt (100 %) and nanocobalt (50%) than other adding levels. Microbial protein (M P) and efficiency microbial protein (EM P) recorded higher values in all different(25,50,75,100 and 125%) added of nanocobalt compared to control (0%). Gas production degradability after 48 hours incubation hemicellulose of 25% nanocobalt recorded the highest value (2444.69) compared to any adding nanocobalt levels and control, while degradability for cellulose recorded higher values for 50 % nanocobalt compared to other levels and control. It concluded that adding nanocobalt improved gas production, growth of cellulolytic bacteria ,ammonia ,total volatile fatty acids, metabolisable energy and cell wall constituents degradability.

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The Influence of the Ratio of Grain to Hay in the Ration of Dairy Calves on Certain Rumen Microorganisms

Cited by 53 publications

References 1 publication

The Development of Rumen Microbial Populations in Lambs and Calves Under Various Conditions of Management

The Development of Rumen Microbial Populations in Lambs and Calves Under Various Conditions of Management

On the ability of calves to digest hay

Evaluation of Nanocobalt Particles Addition in Ruminant Rations by in Vitro Gas Production

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