The influence of the melting conditions on the basicity of glasses

Effect of temperature on the extraction of Pd by liquid tin from molten borosilicate glass containing simulated radwaste

“…Tin is chosen as the solvent because of its wide liquid range (MP: 232°C, BP: 2270°C), low melting point. Further, referring to Ellingham diagram and the redox potentials of metal-metal oxide couples in borosilicate glass melt [15][16][17], it can be seen that the free energy of formation of SnO 2 compared to PdO is lower (high negative value), hence Sn+ 2PdO = SnO 2 + 2Pd is feasible at 800-1000°C yielding separation of Pd metal. And all other oxides added (Cs, Sr, Zr, Nd, Fe, Ni, Mo) can remain in the glass phase.…”