The influence of the cigarette smoke pollution and ventilation rate on alpha-activities per unit volume due to radon and its progeny

Misdaq, M. A.; Flata, K

doi:10.1016/s0265-931x(02)00188-1

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…A value of f p = 0.08 is chosen here for indoor workplaces. (A41) The value of the equilibrium factor, F , depends mainly on the indoor ventilation rate due to opening/shutting of windows, and use of electric fans, air conditioners, and dehumidifiers (Chen et al., 1998; Iimoto, 2000; Iimoto et al., 2001; Iyogi et al., 2003). Typically, mean values of F ranged from 0.3 to 0.6 for schools, kindergardens, offices, nuclear power plants, factories, and cafés (Hattori and Ishida, 1994; Hattori et al., 1995; Yu et al., 1998, 2000; Iyogi et al., 2003; Misdaq and Flata, 2003; Tokonami et al., 1996b, 2003; Misdaq and Amghar, 2005; Maged, 2006; Vaupotič, 2008b; Labidi et al., 2010). In its 2000 report, UNSCEAR assumed an F value of 0.4 for indoor exposures, based mainly on measurements in dwellings in the USA (Hopke et al., 1995) and in India (Ramachandran and Subba Ramu, 1994).…”

Section: Annex a Aerosol Data And Dose Coefficients For Radon Progenymentioning

confidence: 99%

ICRP Publication 137: Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 3

Paquet¹,

Bailey²,

Leggett³

et al. 2017

Ann ICRP

190

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The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP, 2007) introduced changes that affect the calculation of effective dose, and implied a revision of the dose coefficients for internal exposure, published previously in the Publication 30 series (ICRP, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1988) and Publication 68 (ICRP, 1994). In addition, new data are now available that support an update of the radionuclide-specific information given in Publications 54 and 78 (ICRP, 1988a, 1997b) for the design of monitoring programmes and retrospective assessment of occupational internal doses. Provision of new biokinetic models, dose coefficients, monitoring methods, and bioassay data was performed by Committee 2, Task Group 21 on Internal Dosimetry, and Task Group 4 on Dose Calculations. A new series, the Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides (OIR) series, will replace the Publication 30 series and Publications 54, 68, and 78. OIR Part 1 has been issued (ICRP, 2015), and describes the assessment of internal occupational exposure to radionuclides, biokinetic and dosimetric models, methods of individual and workplace monitoring, and general aspects of retrospective dose assessment. OIR Part 2 (ICRP, 2016), this current publication and upcoming publications in the OIR series (Parts 4 and 5) provide data on individual elements and their radioisotopes, including information on chemical forms encountered in the workplace; a list of principal radioisotopes and their physical half-lives and decay modes; the parameter values of the reference biokinetic model; and data on monitoring techniques for the radioisotopes encountered most commonly in workplaces. Reviews of data on inhalation, ingestion, and systemic biokinetics are also provided for most of the elements. Dosimetric data provided in the printed publications of the OIR series include tables of committed effective dose per intake (Sv Bq−1 intake) for inhalation and ingestion, tables of committed effective dose per content (Sv Bq−1 measurement) for inhalation, and graphs of retention and excretion data per Bq intake for inhalation. These data are provided for all absorption types and for the most common isotope(s) of each element. The electronic annex that accompanies the OIR series of publications contains a comprehensive set of committed effective and equivalent dose coefficients, committed effective dose per content functions, and reference bioassay functions. Data are provided for inhalation, ingestion, and direct input to blood. This third publication in the series provides the above data for the following elements: ruthenium (Ru), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te), iodine (I), caesium (Cs), barium (Ba), iridium (Ir), lead (Pb), bismuth (Bi), polonium (Po), radon (Rn), radium (Ra), thorium (Th), and uranium (U).

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Section: Annex a Aerosol Data And Dose Coefficients For Radon Progenymentioning

confidence: 99%

ICRP Publication 137: Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 3

Paquet¹,

Bailey²,

Leggett³

et al. 2017

Ann ICRP

190

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“…Figure 2 presents radon and thoron sub-chains. 218 Po and 216 Po are formed as positively charged and become neutralised in one of the following processes [13][14][15]: (i) recombination with ions produced by α, β, and γ emissions and recoil atoms during radioactive transformations of airborne radionuclides, as well as by background γ and cosmic rays, (ii) electron scavenging by OH radicals formed by radiolysis of water molecules, and (iii) charge transfer from molecules of lower ionisation potential. The states of 218 Po, 216 Po, and their oxides at the moment of their α-transformation into Pb are decisive because they determine the initial characteristics and behaviour of the subsequent members in the chains.…”

Section: Fundamentals Of Radon and Thoron Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…218 Po and 216 Po are formed as positively charged and become neutralised in one of the following processes [13][14][15]: (i) recombination with ions produced by α, β, and γ emissions and recoil atoms during radioactive transformations of airborne radionuclides, as well as by background γ and cosmic rays, (ii) electron scavenging by OH radicals formed by radiolysis of water molecules, and (iii) charge transfer from molecules of lower ionisation potential. The states of 218 Po, 216 Po, and their oxides at the moment of their α-transformation into Pb are decisive because they determine the initial characteristics and behaviour of the subsequent members in the chains. For 218 Po in 50% humid air at an ionisation rate of 3.2 pC kg -1 s -1 (45 µR h -1 ), the rate constants of the above processes of neutralisation are 0.07 × 10 -2 s -1 , 1.07 × 10 -2 s -1 , and 0.4 × 10 -2 s -1 , respectively, and, eventually, more than half of the species (molecular clusters) are neutral [16].…”

Section: Fundamentals Of Radon and Thoron Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…with ARnP (Bq m −3 ), thus expressing the equilibrium-equivalent activity concentration of RnP (also denoted by EERC, EECRn, or, rarely, Ceq,Rn). Because of the recoil energy (order of magnitude 100 eV) gained during α-transformation of the attached 218 Po and 216 Po, a considerable recoil fraction (r) of 214 Pb and 212 Pb atoms is ejected from the aerosol particles [55,56]. Attached RnP and TnP species behave as other radioactive and non-radioactive aerosol particles.…”

Section: Fundamentals Of Radon and Thoron Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radon and Its Short-Lived Products in Indoor Air: Present Status and Perspectives

Vaupotič

2024

Sustainability

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Initially, basic equations are given to express the activity concentrations and concentrations of potential α-energies of radon (222Rn) and thoron (220Tn) and their short-lived products in indoor air. The appearance of short-lived products as a radioactive aerosol is shown, and the fraction of the unattached products is particularly exposed, a key datum in radon dosimetry. This fundamental part is followed by giving the sources of radon and thoron indoors, and thus, their products, and displaying the dependence of their levels on the ground characteristics, building material and practice, and living–working habits of residents. Substantial hourly, daily, and seasonal changes in their activity concentrations are reviewed, as influenced by meteorological parameters (air temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed) and human activity (either by ventilation, air conditioning and air filtration, or by generating aerosol particles). The role of the aerosol particle concentration and their size distribution in the dynamics of radon products in indoor air has been elucidated, focusing on the fraction of unattached products. Intensifying combined monitoring of radon short-lived products and background aerosol would improve radon dosimetry approaches in field and laboratory experiments. A profound knowledge of the influence of meteorological parameters and human activities on the dynamics of the behaviour of radon and thoron accompanied by their products in the air is a prerequisite to managing sustainable indoor air quality and human health.

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“…Humans are continuously exposed in homes and workplaces to some ionising radiation in form of alpha-and beta-and gamma-photons emitted by radon, thoron and their corresponding decay products coming from building materials, thermal water and air pollution (cigarette smoke, fly ashes and dusts) [1][2][3][4][5]. Radon and its short-lived progeny in dwellings and workplaces represent the main source of public exposure from natural radiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radon, Thoron and Progeny Measured in Urban Health Centres and the Resulting Radiation Doses to Doctors, Nurses and Patients from the Inhalation of Air

Misdaq

Matrane²,

Ouguidi³

2015

AJEP

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Doctors and nurses spent about 8 hours a day inside urban health centres examining a large number of patients. To assess radiation dose due to the attached and unattached fractions of the short-lived alpha-emitting radon decay products from the inhalation of air by working personnel and patients, concentrations of these radionuclides as well as those of radon and thoron gases were measured in indoor air of different health centres in the city of Marrakech (Morocco) by means of CR-39 and LR-115 type II solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs). Committed equivalent doses per hour of exposure due to the attached and unattached fractions of 218 Po and 214 Po radon short-lived progeny were evaluated in different tissues of the respiratory tract of individuals from the inhalation of air inside the studied health centres. The influence of the activity of the attached and unattached fractions of 218 Po and 214 Po and mass of the tissue on the committed equivalent doses per hour of exposure was investigated. Annual committed effective doses due to the attached and unattached fractions of 218 Po and 214 Po radon short-lived progeny from the inhalation of air by doctors, nurses and patients inside the studied hospitals were determined. A maximum value of 7.1 mSv y-1 was found for doctors working 40 hours per week.

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The influence of the cigarette smoke pollution and ventilation rate on alpha-activities per unit volume due to radon and its progeny

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

ICRP Publication 137: Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 3

ICRP Publication 137: Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 3

Radon and Its Short-Lived Products in Indoor Air: Present Status and Perspectives

Radon, Thoron and Progeny Measured in Urban Health Centres and the Resulting Radiation Doses to Doctors, Nurses and Patients from the Inhalation of Air

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