The influence of temperature on germination of gorse (<i>Ulex europaeus</i> L.)

Ivens, G. W.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1983.tb00539.x

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In temperate European ecosystems, Van Assche et al (2003) found that slight seasonal changes in daily temperature fluctuations were key to breaking physical dormancy of many herbaceous legumes. Other evidences have been highlighted from studies on invasive species, such as the gap recruitment displayed by the tropical shrub Mimosa pigra (Lonsdale 1993) and the European gorse, U. europaeus in New Zealand (Ivens 1983). Several studies in agricultural systems found that the hard seeds of clover, Trifolium subterraneum, softened in response to daily temperature regimes between 30 and 60 C, if treated for several weeks or months (Hagon 1971;Taylor 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of soil temperature regimes after fire on seed dormancy and germination in six Australian Fabaceae species

et al. 2010

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M. (2010). Effects of soil temperature regimes after fire on seed dormancy and germination in six Australian Fabaceae species. Australian Journal of Botany, 58 (7), 539-545.Effects of soil temperature regimes after fire on seed dormancy and germination in six Australian Fabaceae species AbstractIn addition to direct fire cues such as heat, smoke and charred wood, the passage of fire leads indirectly to changes in environmental conditions which may be able to break physical dormancy in hard-coated seeds. After a fire, the open canopy and the burnt material lying on the surface alter the thermal properties of the soil, resulting in elevated soil temperatures for long periods of time. We simulated daily temperature regimes experienced at different depths of soil profile after a summer fire. Our aim was to determine whether these temperature regimes and the duration of exposure (5, 15 and 30 days) play an important role breaking physical seed dormancy in six legumes from south-eastern Australia. Our results showed that simulated temperature regimes break seed dormancy. This effect is specially pronounced at temperatures that are expected to occur near the soil surface (0-2 cm depth). The duration of exposure interacts with temperature to break dormancy, with the highest germination rates reached after the longest duration and highest temperatures. However, the germination response varied among species. Therefore, this indirect post-fire cue could play a role in the regeneration of plant communities, and could stimulate seedling emergence independent of direct fire cues as well as in interaction with direct cues. © 2010 CSIRO. Abstract. In addition to direct fire cues such as heat, smoke and charred wood, the passage of fire leads indirectly to changes in environmental conditions which may be able to break physical dormancy in hard-coated seeds. After a fire, the open canopy and the burnt material lying on the surface alter the thermal properties of the soil, resulting in elevated soil temperatures for long periods of time. We simulated daily temperature regimes experienced at different depths of soil profile after a summer fire. Our aim was to determine whether these temperature regimes and the duration of exposure (5, 15 and 30 days) play an important role breaking physical seed dormancy in six legumes from south-eastern Australia. Our results showed that simulated temperature regimes break seed dormancy. This effect is specially pronounced at temperatures that are expected to occur near the soil surface (0-2 cm depth). The duration of exposure interacts with temperature to break dormancy, with the highest germination rates reached after the longest duration and highest temperatures. However, the germination response varied among species. Therefore, this indirect post-fire cue could play a role in the regeneration of plant communities, and could stimulate seedling emergence independent of direct fire cues as well as in interaction with direct cues.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of soil temperature regimes after fire on seed dormancy and germination in six Australian Fabaceae species

et al. 2010

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“…High dormancy levels in seeds collected from the plant have also been described for Ulex europaeus (Ivens 1983) and Calluna vulgaris (Pons 1989). Nevertheless, long storage periods under laboratory conditions also contribute to reductions in dormancy levels (Van Der Vegte 1978;Ungar 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Factors other than heat have also been shown to be highly influential in dormancy breakage, generally in invasive leguminous species with hard seed coats. Ivens (1983) and Pons (1989) observed in Ulex europaeus and Calluna vulgaris, respectively, that the seeds from these plants show high values of dormancy and that these values decrease after a storage period. Holmes (1989), after introducing Acacia cyclops and Acacia saligna seeds in the soil, observed a rapid descent in the number of dormant seeds during the first year; he also observed that seed survival decreased with soil depth (Holmes and Moll 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ecological mechanisms involved in dormancy breakage in Ulex parviflorus seeds

Baeza

Vallejo

2005

Plant Ecol

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Dormancy in the hard seed coats of Mediterranean species is considered a strategy that enables persistent seed banks to be formed in the soil. An important factor related to seed coat fracture and dormancy breakage in Mediterranean ecosystems is heat. Nevertheless, the effect of factors other than heat on dormancy breakage in these species has hardly been studied. To investigate the different ecological factors involved in germination, in the laboratory we applied several scarification treatments to seeds with chromatic polymorphism. We evaluated the effect of soil seed depth during experimental burns by sowing seeds at )1, )3 and )5 cm in the soil profile, and we also studied the effect of seed origin on the posterior germination of seeds from 4 and 10 year-old shrubs as well as from the soil seed bank. U. parviflorus shows clear chromatic polymorphism: its brown seeds present higher dormancy levels than its yellow seeds. The different techniques of dormancy breakage result in different degrees of germination; the highest degree of germination is generated by the mechanical treatment, followed by the acid and the heat treatments, in that order. The depth of the seeds in the soil determines the temperature thresholds and the residence times of these temperatures and whether they stimulate a massive germination at the )1 cm soil profile or only a slight germination at the )5 cm depth. Seeds recently produced by the plant show higher dormancy levels than seeds extracted from soil seed banks. Dormancy levels also depend on the shrubland age used for extracting the soil samples (3>9 years old). In effect, from the point of view of dormancy, the germination behaviour of U. parviflorus seeds seems to follow a multiresponse strategy based on different seed populations and involving both biological and abiotic processes to break dormancy.

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“…Miller (1992) reported that fire at an Oregon site reduced the number of viable gorse seeds in the soil by 54% (2883 to 1318 seeds m -2 ). Optimum germination occurs at temperatures between 15 and 19°C (Ivens 1983). Gutiérrez et al (1996) did not observe an effect of seed weight variation on probability of germination.…”

Section: Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Although light is not essential for germination (Ivens 1978), few seeds germinate within a stand of gorse unless the above-ground plants are removed (Ivens 1983). Fire may promote germination of seeds and subsequent establishment of gorse by removing competing vegetation (Ivens 1983;Partridge 1989) and by stimulating germination. Moss (1959) found that heating seeds to 88°C for 30 min stimulated germination.…”

Section: Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biology of Canadian weeds. 112. Ulex europaeus L.

Clements¹,

Peterson²,

Prasad³

2001

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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R. 2001. The biology of Canadian weeds. 112. Ulex europaeus L. Can. J. Plant Sci. 81: 325-337. Gorse (Ulex europaeus L.) is a leguminous shrub native to western Europe and North Africa. During the past century it has greatly expanded its adventive range in Australia, New Zealand, Chile and Europe, and along the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of North America. In Canada, it is found in British Columbia (Vancouver, Vancouver Island, the Gulf Islands and Queen Charlotte Islands) where it is classed as a noxious weed. Gorse is also found from Virginia to Massachusetts on the east coast of North America. The shrub rapidly invades dry and disturbed areas, forming dense thickets that can suppress and inhibit native vegetation, including economically important conifer seedlings. It can occupy the same habitats as Scotch broom [Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link] but usually occurs on drier sites. Both of these legumes threaten native plant communities but U. europaeus persists longer and possesses conspicuous spines. Invasive characteristics of gorse include its evergreen habit, prolific seed production, longevity of seeds in the soil and nitrogen fixation. Human activities such as agriculture and construction of logging roads have accelerated the spread of gorse in British Columbia, but there is still an historic opportunity to restrict the population expansion that this species has exhibited in many other countries. Various methods of control (chemical, manual, biological and integrated) are evaluated. , mais il préfère habituellement des endroits plus secs. Ces deux légumineuses menacent les peuplements d'espèces indigènes, quoique la première persiste plus longtemps et présente des épines très évidentes. Parmi les caractéristiques qui font de l'ajonc d'Europe une plante envahissante, mentionnons un port semblable à celui des conifères, une production abondante de semences, la longévité des graines dans le sol et la capacité de fixer l'azote. Les activités humaines comme l'agriculture et la construction de chemins d'exploitation ont accéléré la propagation de l'ajonc d'Europe en Colombie-Britannique, mais on pourrait encore freiner son expansion, ce qui n'est plus le cas dans d'autres pays. Suit une évaluation de diverses méthodes de lutte (chimique, manuelle, biologique et intégrée).

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The influence of temperature on germination of gorse (Ulex europaeus L.)

Cited by 19 publications

References 7 publications

Effects of soil temperature regimes after fire on seed dormancy and germination in six Australian Fabaceae species

Effects of soil temperature regimes after fire on seed dormancy and germination in six Australian Fabaceae species

Ecological mechanisms involved in dormancy breakage in Ulex parviflorus seeds

The biology of Canadian weeds. 112. Ulex europaeus L.

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