Transformation of surface nitrates under CI-I4 (CH4 + 02) was found to ensure steady-state activity of Co-ZSM-5 in the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides by methane (CI-I4-SCR). For Cu-ZSM-5, such species are mainly converted into NO. Kelaxation of the coordination sphere due to oxygen and NO adsorption, stability of C,N-containing intermediates and activation routes of hydrocarbons (methane, propane) were analyzed as factors determining catalytic properties of Cu and Co cations.