The Influence of Species and Stocktype Selection on Stand Establishment: an Ecophysiological Perspective

Hobbs, Stephen D.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-6137-1_9

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Under drought conditions, a seedling with a large root system would be better equipped to survive than would a seedling with a small root system (Hobbs, 1984) . Under less than ideal circumstances after transplanting, seedlings with greater numbers of large first-order roots and seedlings with larger root-collar diameters have been reported to have significantly greater survival rates than seedlings with fewer roots or smaller root-collar diameters (for example, Kormanik, 1988, who studied sweetgum, andSouth et al ., 1985, who studied loblolly pine) .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of factors may have contributed to poor overall height growth in this study : drought; damage by grasshoppers, rabbits, gophers, and deer was noted on all sites ; occasional damage by cattle on one plot at the Rhodes farm ; and, in 1989 when weeds were not controlled, drought exacerbated by weed competition . Other researchers have noted similar detrimental effects on survival and height growth (e.g ., Olson and Hooper, 1972;Gjerstad et al ., 1984 ;Hobbs, 1984;Stroempl, 1989 ;and Wright et al ., 1989) . Initial differences in seedling diameter between root grade groups were larger after three years in the field (Figure 1) .…”

Section: Seedling Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Root system morphology of Quercus rubra L. planting stock and 3-year field performance in Iowa

Thompson

Schultz

1995

New Forest

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Application. Plantations of bareroot oak stock in the midwestern United States have demonstrated limited success in terms of survival and especially in terms of early growth . Poor performance of hardwood plantations in general could be the result of failure to produce suitable seedlings in the nursery or failure to recognize the suitability of seedlings produced . Nursery grading procedures are usually based on seedling height, root collar diameter, terminal bud condition, or shoot :root ratio . The common emphasis on shoot morphology has not consistently provided a reliable measure of potential survival and growth after planting . This study suggests that nursery grading should include evaluation of seedling root system morphology in addition to shoot characteristics .Abstract. On 3 sites, 3-year performance of 1+0 northern red oak (Quercus rubra L .) seedlings was evaluated with respect to initial root system grade . Seven hundred twenty nursery-run bareroot northern red oak seedlings were graded according to numbers of large (> Imm) firstorder lateral roots and outplanted in spring 1987 on eight 90-tree plots distributed among three sites in central Iowa . Survival, height growth, and diameter growth were significantly greater for seedlings with 10 or more large first-order lateral roots than for seedlings with 4 or fewer . Seedling survival and growth were significantly and positively related to initial root grade .First-year height growth, however, was significantly and negatively correlated with initial height. Combined results for seedling survival and growth indicated that red oak seedlings with five or more large first-order lateral roots have a greater probability of success both in terms of survival and early growth than do those with four or fewer first-order lateral roots .

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Seedling Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root system morphology of Quercus rubra L. planting stock and 3-year field performance in Iowa

Thompson

Schultz

1995

New Forest

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“…This water-controlled ecosystem with infrequent, discrete and largely unpredictable water inputs (Berry 2000) and far higher rates of potential evaporation than precipitation (Mendelsohn et al 2002) allows only a few plant and animal species inhabitation. In this context, availability of soil water is considered as being a limiting factor for plants (Hobbs 1984;Mitlöhner 1998;Serrano et al 1998;Reynolds et al 2004;Otieno et al 2005a;Nobel 2017). Access to available soil water and the ability to endure water stress varies from species to species and can determine growth success if not solely enabling any growth or survival.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree water potentials supporting an explanation for the occurrence of Vachellia erioloba in the Namib Desert (Namibia)

Krug

2017

For. Ecosyst.

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Background: Site-vegetation relations of Vachellia erioloba, Faidherbia albida, Euclea pseudebenus and Tamarix usneoides in two contrasting locations in the Namib Desert (Namibia) were evaluated with the goal to relate soil water availability to the occurrence of trees under hyper-arid conditions. Methods: Plant water potentials were measured using a pressure chamber in the field. Pre-dawn water potentials were assessed to reflect the soil water potential of the rhizosphere. Midday water potentials were measured to assess the strongest negative water potential applied by the sample trees. Results: Pre-dawn water potentials and midday water potentials indicated access to soil water in the rhizosphere and by this, provide an explanation for an occurrence of V. erioloba within the extreme environmental conditions of sand dunes in the Namib Desert. Diurnal ranges seem to reflect more and less suitable stands, in terms of soil water availability, within the sampling sites. While the impact of the ephemeral Kuiseb river on soil water availability was assessed through the four species' plant-internal water relations, comparable pre-dawn water potentials of V. erioloba at both sites indicate soil water availability also in the dunes of Namibrand. The extreme midday water potentials of the dune plants possibly show the upper limit of tolerance for V. erioloba. Conclusions: The preliminary data provide an explanation of the occurrence and distribution of the investigated species in beds of ephemeral rivers and on dunes under the hyper-arid climatic conditions of the Namib Desert and qualify suitability within the assessed sites. Understanding the plant-physiological processes and assessing the plant-internal water potential provides a valuable tool to evaluate soil water availability within the rhizosphere and to describe an adaptation potential of investigated species. The comparability of pre-dawn water potentials at both sites indicates unexpected soil water availability within lower parts of the dunes of Namibrand. Further research needs are derived concerning the origin and distribution of such soil water. These species in these specific tree-environments are understudied and little published, thus the results support an improved understanding of the ecology in arid environments.

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“…Subsequent North American records include damage to natural and planted seedlings on harvested sites in western forests (Bates 1926;Pearson 1935;Isaac 1938;Sims 1976;Hungerford 1980;Stathers 1983;Hobbs 1984), in Michigan (Rudolf 1939, in Quebec (Linteau 1948), and on coal-mining wastes in Pennsylvania (Schramm 1966). European records also include mortality in oak seedlings on the southern Russian steppes (Raman 1911(Raman in M/inch 1913 and in nursery-grown conifer seedlings in Greece (Moulopoulos 1947) and as far north as Sweden (Vaartaja 1949).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat damage in tree seedlings and its prevention

Helgerson

1990

New Forest

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Application. Heat damage to natural and planted seedlings can be prevented by recognizing adverse conditions, identifying susceptible seedlings, and taking preventive measures, such as shading, planting resistant seedlings, and modifying the soil environment. Shade from live vegetation can prevent heat damage, but the associated competition may kill seedlings.Abstract. Tree seedlings start to suffer stem damage or tissue death when the temperature at the soil surface reaches approximately 52 *C. Seedling mortality rate accelerates as temperatures increase. Resistance to heat damage increases with size as the ability of a seedling to shade its base increase. Small newly germinated seedlings are at risk in late spring and early summer, while larger nursery-grown seedlings are at risk in mid to late summer, especially on soils with low heat capacity or conductivity, or with surfaces that are dry, dark colored or covered with organic matter. Heat damage to natural and planted seedlings usually occurs on flat or south-facing sites in regions with hot dry summers and clear skies, but can also occur in wetter regions under dry clear conditions. Shading only the basal portion of the stem appears to be as effective in preventing heat damage as shading the entire stem and some foliage, which can also reduce transpiration. Overhead shade and shade from live plants can reduce growth and survival.

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The Influence of Species and Stocktype Selection on Stand Establishment: an Ecophysiological Perspective

Cited by 23 publications

References 47 publications

Root system morphology of Quercus rubra L. planting stock and 3-year field performance in Iowa

Root system morphology of Quercus rubra L. planting stock and 3-year field performance in Iowa

Tree water potentials supporting an explanation for the occurrence of Vachellia erioloba in the Namib Desert (Namibia)

Heat damage in tree seedlings and its prevention

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