The influence of sowing dates on the formation of the soybean seed yield in the conditions of the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone

Abstract

Relevance и methods. In the field experiment in the conditions of sod-podzolic sandy loam soil of the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone, the influence of four sowing periods (30.04; 05.05; 10.05; 15.05) on the formation of the yield of early-maturing soybean seeds of the variety Svetlayawas studied.Results. When sowing at a later date, the emergence of seedlings was accelerated and a faster development of plants was observed during the growing season. Thus, when sowing on May 15, the duration of the sowing — germination period was reduced by 6 days compared to sowing on April 30, and the duration of the growing season from germination to maturation was reduced by 4 days. When sown on April 30, soybeans reached harvest ripeness steadily in the third decade of August, when sown on May 15, the ripening of soybeans goes to September, which can lead to unstable ripening of seeds, since the temperature regime in September does not meet the requirements of soybeans. The conducted studies have shown that high yields of soybean seeds at the level of 2.73 t/ha can be obtained on the sod-podzolic sandy loam soil of the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone in favorable weather conditions. The most favorable conditions for the formation of a seed harvest in this region are created when sowing on May 5. When sowing on April 30, decreasesuch indicators as field germination — by 12.7%, plant survival — by 2.2%, the height of the first inflorescence — by 2.6 cm and the biological yield of seeds — by 20.1% . At later sowing dates, there is also a decrease in seed yield by 19.5–40.8% due to a decrease in field germination (by 2.9–4.9%) and the weight of seeds from the plant (by 21.6–32.4%).

Infestation of white mustard agrocenosis, depending on agricultural practices in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region

“…Введение горчицы белой в севооборот способствует общему снижению засоренности полей, так как вегетативная масса при плотном травостое, которую она формирует в короткие сроки, выполняет почвопокровную функцию, подавляя при этом сорные растения [5,13,15]. Шрот из семян можно вносить вместо гербицидов, что является важным в свете биологического земледелия [3,8,13].…”