The influence of skin-core residual stress and cooling rate on the impact response of carbon fibre/polyphenylenesulphide

McCallum, Stuart; Tsukada, Takuhei; Takeda, Nobuo

doi:10.1177/0892705717734607

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Yao et al 14 concluded that a low cooling rate improved the crystallinity and the strength of the single-lap joint of the CF/PEEK composites. McCallum 15 studied the influence of macroscale skin-core residual stress and cooling rate on the impact response of aerospace grade CF reinforced polyphenylene sulfide (CF/PPS). Fast-cooled laminates were shown to have a lower delamination extent when compared to slow-cooled laminates attributed to the faster cooling rate and the associated higher strain energy release rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the cooling rate on the fracture toughness of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2022

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials

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Carbon fiber (CF) reinforced thermoplastic composites have great potential in the aerospace industry. However, defects and delamination restrict the application of the composites. This study investigated the effect of cooling rate on the crystallization and inter-laminar fracture toughness of CF reinforced polyphenylene sulfide (CF/PPS) composites. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed that the crystallinity of the composites decreased from 49.6% to 27.1% when the cooling rate increased from 2°C/min to 1000°C/min. Meanwhile, mode I and mode II fracture toughness, as measured by the double cantilever beam (DCB) and end-notched flexure (ENF) tests, increased by 486% and 52%, respectively. The fracture morphology of the composites after DCB tests showed that when the cooling rate was 2, 30, and 300°C/min, the crack propagation occurred inside the resin, which was a typical cohesive failure. Moreover, when the cooling rate was 1000°C/min, the crack propagation belonged to the combination of cohesive and adhesive failure, indicating that a high cooling rate was conducive to improving the fracture toughness. It also turned out that the contribution of the matrix deformation dominated the fracture toughness.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the cooling rate on the fracture toughness of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2022

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials

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“…The high-speed shear flow in the injection molding process makes the molecular chains of the sub-skin layer close to the mold surface highly oriented, and the relaxation of the molecular chains is limited by the core with a lower degree of orientation, resulting in residual stresses of skin stretching and core compression. 26 The shearing induced residual stress is of great significance for co-injection, 27 three-dimensional printing, 28 and surface wrinkle patterns. 29,30 However, the effect of viscoelasticity of triblock copolymer blends on molecular chain orientation and relaxation is rarely studied, and it is difficult to evaluate the shear-induced residual stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In injection molding, thermally induced residual stress caused by uneven cooling of polymer melt is the main one, 25 but the shear‐induced residual stress should not be ignored. The high‐speed shear flow in the injection molding process makes the molecular chains of the sub‐skin layer close to the mold surface highly oriented, and the relaxation of the molecular chains is limited by the core with a lower degree of orientation, resulting in residual stresses of skin stretching and core compression 26 . The shearing induced residual stress is of great significance for co‐injection, 27 three‐dimensional printing, 28 and surface wrinkle patterns 29,30 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injection molding and shear‐induced stress simulation of poly (styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene) and polypropylene blends

Chen

Yang

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this article, the structure and rheological properties of poly (styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene) (SEBS) triblock copolymer blends are analyzed. The influence of polypropylene content on the three SEBS blends was discussed, the viscoelastic response and phase structure evolution during injection molding were studied. According to the capillary flow test data, the least square method is used to fit the viscosity parameters of the cross‐WLF model. The filling length of the spline was tested by adjusting the injection molding process parameters, and its accuracy was verified by comparing the filling simulation with the experimental results. Numerical simulation is used to predict the shear rate distribution of injection‐molded samples, and the shear sensitivity and residual stress of SEBS blends with different phase structures are analyzed. Based on the phase structure analysis and rheological properties, this article predicts the filling properties of triblock copolymer composites, which can be used to construct the flow‐induced structure–property relationship of complex polymer blends.

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“…3,4 Meanwhile, process simulation utilizing thermoelastic or thermo-viscoelastic models was performed to calculate residual stress due to the thermal skin-core effect. [5][6][7][8] However, these process simulations utilized material models (e.g., composite stiffness and shrinkage strain) developed based on many assumptions. This was mainly because conventional thermal analysis techniques utilized for material property determination had relatively slow cooling (SC) rates and direct determination during fast cooling (FC) ( > À10 C/min) was difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of process-induced residual stress/strain distribution in thick thermoplastic composites based on in situ strain monitoring using optical fiber sensors

Tsukada

Minakuchi

Takeda

2019

Journal of Composite Materials

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In thick thermoplastic composite laminates, nonuniform temperature distribution arises in the through-thickness direction during high-rate manufacturing processes. This causes the so-called thermal skin-core effect. The surface region solidified in advance constrains shrinking of the inside region, so nonuniform residual stress/strain distribution arises in the through-thickness direction. This study quantitatively clarified this mechanism and identified the amount of residual stress/strain by utilizing fiber optic–based internal strain measurement and process simulation. First, in-plane transverse strain of thin carbon fiber/polyphenylenesulfide laminates was measured using fiber Bragg grating sensors to determine two key parameters for stress/strain simulation; thermal/crystalline shrinkage strain and composite stiffness. Abaqus-based simulation using these properties was then performed to calculate stress/strain distribution in thick laminates. The simulated strain agreed well with the measured value and it was confirmed that the residual stress developed in a relatively low temperature range. In addition, transverse three-point bending tests were conducted to validate the amount of residual stress calculated by the simulation. The bending strength increased by the thermal skin-core effect and the amount of strength increase coincided with the simulation, confirming the validity of the simulation. Extension of the proposed approach to the evaluation of the morphological skin-core effect is also discussed.

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The influence of skin-core residual stress and cooling rate on the impact response of carbon fibre/polyphenylenesulphide

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Effect of the cooling rate on the fracture toughness of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites

Effect of the cooling rate on the fracture toughness of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites

Injection molding and shear‐induced stress simulation of poly (styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene) and polypropylene blends

Identification of process-induced residual stress/strain distribution in thick thermoplastic composites based on in situ strain monitoring using optical fiber sensors

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