The influence of scan mode and circle fitting on tree stem detection, stem diameter and volume extraction from terrestrial laser scans

Pueschel, Pyare; Newnham, Glenn; Rock, Gilles; Udelhoven, Thomas; Werner, Willy; Hill, Joachim

doi:10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2012.12.001

Cited by 122 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Alternatively, other approaches depend on geometric feature recognition within segments of the TLS points. Potentially representing a more natural model of the curved surface of the trunk and branches, cylinders are fitted within segments [21] and their volumes are summed for volume estimations [15,17,[22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Tree Architectural Complexity Influence the Accuracy of Wood Volume Estimates of Single Young Trees by Terrestrial Laser Scanning?

Hess

Bienert

Oheimb

2015

Forests

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Accurate estimates of the wood volume or biomass of individual trees have gained considerable importance in recent years. The accuracy of wood volume estimation by terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) point cloud data may differ between individual trees due to species-specific differences in tree architecture. We selected three common and ecologically important central European deciduous tree species, which differ considerably in tree architectural complexity in early ontogenetic stages: Acer pseudoplatanus (simple), Sorbus aucuparia (intermediate) and Betula pendula (complex). We scanned six single young trees for each species (18 trees in total) under optimal scan conditions (single tree stand, leafless state, four scanning positions, high resolution). TLS-based volume estimates were derived for the total tree as well as for the two compartments; trunk and branches, using a voxel-based bounding box method. These estimates were compared with highly accurate xyolmetric (water displacement) volume measurements. Coefficients of determination between xylometric measurements and bounding box estimates were very high for total trees (R 2 adj = 0.99), trunks (R 2 adj = 0.99), and high for branches (R 2 adj = 0.78).The accuracy of estimations for total tree and trunk volume was highly similar among the three tree species. In contrast, significant differences were found for branch volume OPEN ACCESSForests 2015, 6 3848 estimates: the accuracy was very high for Sorbus aucuparia, intermediate for Betula pendula, and low for Acer pseudoplatanus. A stepwise multiple regression showed that the accuracy of branch volume estimates was negatively related to the number of the first-order branches within diameter sizes of D ≤ 5 mm and crown surface area (R 2 adj = 0.61). We conclude that the accuracy in total tree and trunk volume estimates was not affected by the studied types of tree architectural complexity. The impact of the structural variability of branches and occlusion by branches was, thus, not as high as expected. In contrast, the accuracy of branch volume estimates was strongly influenced by tree architectural complexity, though not in a simple way. Because underestimations originated from different sources, the accuracy of branch volume estimates cannot be directly derived from the degree of architectural complexity. These results imply that the voxel-based bounding box method provides highly accurate total tree and trunk volume estimates, whereas further research is needed to improve branch volume estimation for young trees of different architectural types.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Tree Architectural Complexity Influence the Accuracy of Wood Volume Estimates of Single Young Trees by Terrestrial Laser Scanning?

Hess

Bienert

Oheimb

2015

Forests

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“…The algorithm returns the maximum likelihood estimates (MLE) of the circle parameters [39]. A major concern when using the nonlinear least square algorithm is that the respective minimization algorithms have no closed solution, and therefore they require iterative and computationally intensive numeric schemes such as a general Gauss-Newton or Levenberg-Marquardt [19]. These schemes may converge to a local minimum rather than the global minimum.…”

Section: Algorithms Used In Dbh Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There were many DBH estimation algorithms used in these studies, including the Hough-transform [15][16][17], linear least square (algebraic) circle fitting [2,18,19], nonlinear least square (geometric) circle fitting [15,[19][20][21], cylinder fitting [10,[22][23][24][25], Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) algorithm [26], and the convex hull algorithm [27]. Heinzel et al [17] extracted the single stem cross section at breast height, then used the Hough-transform to fit a circle from the extracted section.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Different Methods for Estimating Diameter at Breast Height from Terrestrial Laser Scanning

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The accurate measurement of diameter at breast height (DBH) is essential to forest operational management, forest inventory, and carbon cycle modeling. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is a measurement technique that allows rapid, automatic, and periodical estimates of DBH information. With the multitude of DBH estimation approaches available, a systematic study is needed to compare different algorithms and evaluate the ideal situations to use a specific algorithm. To contribute to such an approach, this study evaluated three commonly used DBH estimation algorithms: Hough-transform, linear least square circle fitting, and nonlinear least square circle fitting. They were each evaluated on their performance using two forest types of TLS data under numerous preprocessing conditions. The two forest types were natural secondary forest and plantation. The influences of preprocessing conditions on the performance of the algorithms were also investigated. Results showed that among the three algorithms, the linear least square circle fitting algorithm was the most appropriate for the natural secondary forest, and the nonlinear least square circle fitting algorithm was the most appropriate for the plantation. In the natural secondary forest, a moderate gray scale threshold of three and a slightly large height bin of 0.24 m were the optimal parameters for the appropriate algorithm of the multi-scan scanning method, and a moderate gray scale threshold of three and a large height bin of 1.34 m were the optimal parameters for the appropriate algorithm of the single-scan scanning method. A small gray scale threshold of one and a small height bin of 0.1 m were the optimal parameters for the appropriate algorithm of the single-scan scanning method in the plantation.

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“…As taxas de detecção são influenciadas pelo efeito de sombreamento em varreduras simples. Uma vez que a magnitude desse efeito depende da estrutura dos povoamentos e características do local, é importante relatar taxas de detecção com base em árvores potencialmente detectáveis na varredura, a fim de proporcionar resultados para comparação objetiva com outros métodos baseados em varredura simples (Pueschel et al, 2013).…”

Section: Validação Do Número De áRvores Interpretadas Visualmente Em unclassified

Detecção De Árvores Em Nuvens De Pontos De Varredura Laser Terrestre

et al. 2017

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Resumo:A utilização do laser terrestre para levantamentos em povoamentos florestais tem como objetivo prover dados à modelagem tridimensional das árvores, no entanto, para que seja possível aplicar tal modelo, é necessário realizar a detecção dos pontos que fazem parte de árvores na varredura. O presente estudo propõe um método para a detecção de árvores a partir da nuvem de pontos 3D de plantios florestais. Inicialmente, procura-se reconstituir a distribuição espacial das árvores a partir da aplicação de um algoritmo de segmentação em uma seção transversal (1 metro) da nuvem de pontos. Em seguida, é apresentado um algoritmo para detectar a posição das árvores com base no padrão de alinhamento do povoamento. Por fim, os resultados obtidos são apresentados para validação pelo usuário da nuvem de pontos. O método apresentado foi testado em parcelas circulares instaladas em povoamentos de Eucalyptus spp. levantados por varreduras simples e múltiplas. Os resultados apontaram a necessidade de utilização de múltiplas estações de TLS para redução do efeito de sombreamento no levantamento das parcelas circulares. A aplicação do método de detecção de árvores em conjunto com a análise visual resultou na identificação de 100% das árvores a partir das nuvens de pontos das parcelas.Palavras-chave: plantios florestais, varredura simples e múltiplas, parcelas circulares, componentes conectadas, Eucalyptus spp. Abstract:Terrestrial LIDAR measurements in forest stands is often used to gather data for 3D tree models. However, such models require the detection of points representing trees in the scanning field. The present study offers a method for tree detection from a 3D point cloud of forest plantations. Initially the spatial distribution of trees is reconstructed by applying a segmentation algorithm in a transverse slice (1 meter) through the point cloud. This is followed by an algorithm for detecting tree position based on plantation stand row alignment. Finally, the results are presented

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The influence of scan mode and circle fitting on tree stem detection, stem diameter and volume extraction from terrestrial laser scans

Cited by 122 publications

References 20 publications

Does Tree Architectural Complexity Influence the Accuracy of Wood Volume Estimates of Single Young Trees by Terrestrial Laser Scanning?

Does Tree Architectural Complexity Influence the Accuracy of Wood Volume Estimates of Single Young Trees by Terrestrial Laser Scanning?

Evaluating Different Methods for Estimating Diameter at Breast Height from Terrestrial Laser Scanning

Detecção De Árvores Em Nuvens De Pontos De Varredura Laser Terrestre

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