The Influence of Sampling Site upon the Distribution Phase Kinetics of Thiopentone

Barrett, Robin; Graham, Garry G.; Torda, T. A.

doi:10.1177/0310057x8401200101

Cited by 11 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 2 publications

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“…A problem with this approach is that plasma concentrations are obtained from venous blood, which may not accurately reflect the concentration at the site of drug action (see, e.g. Barratt, Graham and Torda, 1984). If the concentration at the active site corresponds to arterial concentration, for example, this would be higher than in venous blood during the rising phase, and lower during the falling phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ethanol on psychomotor performance under steady-state conditions

1994

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Ethanol was administered to eight male volunteers using an oral loading dose followed by repeated small oral doses to achieve approximate steady-state drug concentrations in a double-blind placebo controlled cross over design. Ethanol or placebo were administered over a 5-h period in two sessions at least 7 days apart. The effects of ethanol were assessed using a short battery of psychomotor tests and visual analogue scales which was administered repeatedly during the steady-state period, and a long battery administered once before and once during the steady-state period. The concentrations of ethanol in plasma and breath were determined at 20-min intervals. Mean plasma concentrations of 94 mg/100 ml were obtained. Ethanol produced a clear impairment to psychomotor performance, with a 41% increase in body sway, a 61% increase in errors on a maze task, a 6.5% reduction in digit-symbol substitution and an 8% slowing in tapping. Subjective feelings of drunkenness and sedation were noted. No measure showed evidence for acute tolerance, as assessed by comparison of the slopes fitted to the performance measures in the short battery.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ethanol on psychomotor performance under steady-state conditions

1994

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Regional pharmacokinetics II. Experimental methods

Upton

Runciman

Mather

1990

Biopharm & Drug Disp

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Regional pharmacokinetics is the study of the drug concentrations in specific regions of the body. It allows greater insight into the mechanisms of drug disposition than the study of systemic blood concentrations. Experimental methods in regional pharmacokinetics and their applications and limitations are reviewed. Post-mortem tissue biopsies give the drug concentrations in highly specific regions of the body, but require a large number of animals. Serial tissue biopsies yield the time-course of drug concentrations in individual animals, but have limited applications. Regional blood sampling in vivo requires catheterization of blood vessels and a measure of regional blood flow, but allows repeated measurements of the time-course of regional drug concentrations in an individual. In contrast, artificially perfused regions allow greater control of perfusate flow and composition, but are less representative of the in vivo situation. These factors can be retained in some animals by surgically transplanting organs to another location to increase access. Tissues slices and cell cultures can examine drug uptake in the absence of perfusion, and tissue homogenates can be used to study the in vitro rates of drug metabolism and tissue drug binding.

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