The Influence of Salts on the Exudation of Tomato Plants

Andel, O. M. van

doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.1953.tb00283.x

Cited by 58 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…It is generally agreed that root pressure exudation is the result of accumulation of salt in the xylem elements which brings about inward movement o!f water along a gradient of water potential (5,14,15). Such an explanation requires an active transport mechanism to move the salt into the stele and an ion barrier to cause it to be acctumutlated within the xylem vesselis.…”

Section: Studiedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radial Salt Transport in Corn Roots

Yu¹,

Kramer²

1967

Plant Physiol.

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Summtiizary. Primary roots of solution--grown, 5-day-old or 6-day-old seedlings of corn (Zea mays L.) 10 to 14 cm in length were used to study radial salt trtansport. Measurements were made of the volume of root pressure exudation, salt concentration of the exudate, and rate of salt movement into the xylem exudate. The 32p uptake, 09 consumption, and dehydrogenase activity of the root cortex and stele also were studied.These roots produced copious root pressure exudate containing 4 to 10 times the concentration of 32p in the external solution. Freshly separated stele from 5-day-old roots accumulated 32p as rapidly as the cortex from which it was se!parated and the stele of intact roots also accumulated 32P. Separated stele hfas a higher oxygen uptake than cortex. It also shows strong dehydrogenase activity with the tetrazolium test. The high oxygen consumption, 32p tuptake and strong dehydrogenase activity indicate that the cells of the stele probably play a direct role in salt transport.These data raise dotubts concerning theories of radial salt transport into the xylem based on the assumption that the stele is unable to accumulate salt vigorously.

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Section: Studiedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radial Salt Transport in Corn Roots

Yu¹,

Kramer²

1967

Plant Physiol.

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“…Detopped root systems of many plant species exhibit diurnal fItlctuations in exudation volume (2,3,4). Much of the old literature of the suibiect has been reviewed by Van Andel (4) -and recent work by Macdowall (2) and Vaadia (3).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Hydrochloric acid, mercuric chloride, anaerobiosis, and 2,4-dinitrophenol had the same effect and each resulted in a massive final exudation that usually persisted for 1 to 3 days before stopping. These results all lead to a hypothesis that periodicity is regulated at the tonoplast.Detopped root systems of many plant species exhibit diurnal fItlctuations in exudation volume (2,3,4 …”

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Day-Night Periodicity of Exudation in Detopped Tobacco

1967

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Summary. Exudate was collected periodically from the root systems of detopped tobacco plants. Volume, cations, and 42K or 88Rb transfer were measured. According to measurements of K by 42K and by the flame photometer, when concentrations of KCl and KN03 were lower than 10-2 M, the K in the exudate came mostly froni a pool in the plant rather than from the external solution. With higher external KNO3 solutions, within a few hours nearly all of the K in the exudate came directly from the external solutions. Studies with 86Rb lead to the same conclusion. In contrast the maximum proportion of K in the exudate that came from KCl in the external solution was reached usually in many hours after detopping and amounted to from 50 to 75 %. The higher the external concentration the faster it was reached. These data for KCl are indicative of the 42K passing through a K pool in the root cells. K and Rb from high concentrations of KNO3 and RbNO,, however, may not pass through such a pool. The addition of 10-2 M KNO3 into the external solution dutring exudation essentially eliminated the effect of periodicity at least for a period of time and under the conditions of the experiments. Hydrochloric acid, mercuric chloride, anaerobiosis, and 2,4-dinitrophenol had the same effect and each resulted in a massive final exudation that usually persisted for 1 to 3 days before stopping. These results all lead to a hypothesis that periodicity is regulated at the tonoplast.Detopped root systems of many plant species exhibit diurnal fItlctuations in exudation volume (2,3,4

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“…On ciloudy days or ait night, no difference in wiilting wa's observed between the treatments. lit appeared that amimonia may have been interfering with the movement of water thrrotugh the sugar beeit plant.Several investigators have reported that respiration inhibitor's anid/o,r un!oouplers such as cyanide (2,3,15,16,17,19), aziide (2,13, 19), 2,4-dinitrophen,ol (16), fluoiride (2), i'odoacetate (2), arrsenate (2), phenylurethiane (2), and lack of oxygen (15,20) decrease the movement oif w,alter int'o or oult of coleolptille segmenits, root segments 'or initact roots. Ammonia (NH3) and/or undi ssocia'ted ammonium hydroxide, hereinafter called ammonia, mlay also act as respi,ration inhibitors.…”

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Inhibition of Water Uptake in Sugar Beet Roots by Ammonia

Stuart

Haddock

1968

Plant Physiol.

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Abstract. Ammonium sulfate, ammonium carbonate or ammonia gas inhibited water uptake in sugar beet roots whenever the pH was sufficiently high to cause the production of ammonia. When ammonia was removed by aeration, inhibition of the water uptake by roots was rapidly reversed. ATP at 0.2 mm appeared to either wholly or partially prevent the ammon,ia-induced inhibition of water uptake by roots. ATP may be involved in maintaining the structure of water pathways through the root. In roots lacking epidermis, ammonia did not inhibit water uptake by the roots. This may indicate that the site of the inhibition lies within the root epidermis.During a previou,s study we observed that sugar beets grown in the greenhouse or out-of-doors in a nutrient solution (pH 7.6-8.0) using ammonium suilfate as the ni,trogen source wilited severely on h,o,t summer days. Sugar beets ireceiving poitassium nlitraite as a nitrogen soturce sthowed little, if any, wiliting. On ciloudy days or ait night, no difference in wiilting wa's observed between the treatments. lit appeared that amimonia may have been interfering with the movement of water thrrotugh the sugar beeit plant.Several investigators have reported that respiration inhibitor's anid/o,r un!oouplers such as cyanide (2,3,15,16,17,19), aziide (2,13, 19), 2,4-dinitrophen,ol (16), fluoiride (2), i'odoacetate (2), arrsenate (2), phenylurethiane (2), and lack of oxygen (15,20) decrease the movement oif w,alter int'o or oult of coleolptille segmenits, root segments 'or initact roots. Ammonia (NH3) and/or undi ssocia'ted ammonium hydroxide, hereinafter called ammonia, mlay also act as respi,ration inhibitors. AlItschuil et al. (1) showed that treating cotton seed wiitih ammonia inhibited respiration in boith mature and immature seeds. V:nes and Wedd:n,g (24,26) found that ammon.a inhbted resp.rat.on in excised bar'ey roots, garclen bee't di,skq, leaf d.sks of sp:nach antd sugiar beets and garden beet root m:toc'hondr.a. They fouiind that the degree o,f inh'b tion was related to pH, since pH controls the amount of ammon:a present in solutitons contan:ng ammon um ion's (NH,').

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The Influence of Salts on the Exudation of Tomato Plants

Cited by 58 publications

References 73 publications

Radial Salt Transport in Corn Roots

Radial Salt Transport in Corn Roots

Day-Night Periodicity of Exudation in Detopped Tobacco

Inhibition of Water Uptake in Sugar Beet Roots by Ammonia

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