Inhibition of Water Uptake in Sugar Beet Roots by Ammonia

Stuart, Darrel M.; Haddock, Jay L.

doi:10.1104/pp.43.3.345

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Stuart and Haddock (4) indicated that the inhibiting effect of NH4+ on sugar beet roots occurs only when the pH is sufficiently high (above 7) to cause the production of NH,. It would appear, however, that in our experiments the inhibition of water uptake is a result of NH4+ rather than NH.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Ammonium Nutrition on Water Stress, Water Uptake, and Root Pressure in Lycopersicon esculentum Mill

Quebedeaux¹,

Ozbun²

1973

Plant Physiol.

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Wilmington, Del. 19898. During the experiment th pH was checked daily and found to range from 6.5 to 7.5 with NO,--N and 6.5 to 5.0 with NH,'-N.The rate of water uptake by intact plants was determined by measuring the decrease in solution weight over a 24-hr lightdark period. Water uptake by excised tops was determined by decapitating the plant under water approximately 5 cm above the root system and immersing the stem in a 250-ml flask of deionized water. The amount of water lost was measured from the flask over a 3-hr light period at mid-day.The volume of exudate per plant was measured at mid-day over a 3-hr period with the root system exposed to the solution in which the plant grew. The aerial portion of the plant was decapitated 5 cm above the root system, and a 10-ml pipette was attached directly to the stump with Tygon tubing.Leaf water potential was measured by the dye method described by Knipling (2). Samples consisting of 10 leaf discs 2 cm in diameter were collected at mid-day and immersed for a period of 2 hr in test tubes containing 10 ml of a series of sucrose solutions.All experiments were conducted in a controlled environment growthroom (1800 ft-c 16-hr photoperiod; 70% relative humidity; 24 C day, 18 C night). RESULTSThe rate of water uptake (ml/gram fresh weight of plant) by tomato plants decreases as they develop. The rate at which uptake changes with increasing plant size or age varies with nitrogen source (Fig. 1). Transferring plants from a NO-to an NH4* solution brings about a more rapid decline in water uptake. However, if after 5 days the plants are again returned to a solution containing only NO.--N, water uptake is rapidly restored to a rate equal to or greater than that for continuous NO--N. Recovery was much slower for plants exposed to NH4-N for 10 days.This inhibition of water uptake by NH4' was further characterized by measuring the changes in leaf water potential, root pressure, and water uptake by excised tops. Leaf water potential gradually decreased with increasing age for plants grown continuously on NO.--N (Fig. 2). Transferring the plants to a solution containing NH,+-N greatly decreases water potential, and after 10 days on NH,+ the water potential is twice as low as that of NO3-plants. Returning the plants to NO.--N increases the leaf water potential of plants previously exposed to NH+ for either 5 or 10 days.Exudation volume per gram fresh weight of root declines with age, and there is less exudate from plant roots exposed to the NH4+ solutions (Fig. 3). The recovery of plants exposed to NH4, for 5 days is immediate and after only 1 day on NO,-

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This observation suggested that ammonium interferes with the absorption or movement of water in the tomato plant. Recent studies by Stuart and Haddock (4) with excised sugar beet roots indicate that ammonia inhibits water uptake. In this study we attempted to determine if ammonium (NH,) in solution culture would have a similar effect on tomato.…”

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Effects of Ammonium Nutrition on Water Stress, Water Uptake, and Root Pressure in Lycopersicon esculentum Mill

Quebedeaux¹,

Ozbun²

1973

Plant Physiol.

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“…One of the primary consequences of respiration is the formation of ATP, which is used as a source of energy in many intracellular reactions. Stuart and Haddock (25) found that sugar beet roots, pretreated with ATP, did not exhibit as much reduced water permeability when a respiration inhibitor, ammonia (30,31) Uniform disks, 14 mm in diameter and 1 mm thick, were cut from potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L. var. Russet).…”

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“…Respiration inhibitors and uncouplers such as ammonia (25), azide (15,20,27), cyanide (3,16,18,27,28), carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (1, 3), 2,4-dinitrophenol (18,32), fluoride (27,32), iodoacetate (27,32), arsenate (27), CO, (5,12), lack of oxygen (12,21), and low temperatures (13) decrease the movement of water into or out of coleoptile segments, radicles, root segments, or whole roots.…”

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Reduction of Water Permeability in Potato Tuber Slices by Cyanide, Ammonia, 2,4-Dinitrophenol, and Oligomycin and Its Reverse by Adenosine 5′-Triphosphate and Cytidine 5′-Triphosphate

Stuart¹

1973

Plant Physiol.

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MATERIALS AND METHODS Five millimolar KCN reduced water permeability in 1-millimeter thick slices of potato tuber (Solanum tuberosum L.). One-tenth millimolar ATP and CTP prevented or reversed the reduced permeability. UTP and GTP were not effective. Five millimolar ammonium carbonate or 0.1 millimolar 2,4-dinitrophenol also reduced water permeability, but ATP and CTP were only partially effective in reversing the reduced permeability. Oligomycin, 5 micrograms per milliliter, reduced water permeability, and the reduction was reversed by ATP and CTP. ATP and CTP appear to be involved in maintaining the structure of water pathways into the cell.Respiration inhibitors and uncouplers such as ammonia (25), azide (15, 20, 27), cyanide (3,16,18,27,28), carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (1, 3), 2,4-dinitrophenol (18, 32), fluoride (27, 32), iodoacetate (27, 32), arsenate (27), CO,(5,12) Uniform disks, 14 mm in diameter and 1 mm thick, were cut from potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L. var. Russet). The disks were washed in tap water, usually 10 to 15 min, until the starch and cell debris were removed from the cut surface, rinsed twice in distilled water, and stored in aerated distilled water at 5 C until needed an hour or two later.Six disks (about 1 g fresh weight) were placed in 50 ml of the sodium salt of 0.1 mm ATP, CTP, GTP, or UTP and gently shaken for 45 min. The appropriate amount of ammonia, cyanide, DNP,2 or oligomycin was then added, and the shaking was continued for an additional 45 min or for only 10 min in the ammonia solution. At the end of this time, the disks were removed from the solution, blotted between Whatman No. 1 filter paper (50 g pressure for 5 sec), and weighed to the nearest milligram. The disks were then placed in a 13 atm (90 g/liter) solution (measured with the thermocouple psychrometer) of mannitol containing the appropriate amount of nucleotide, inhibitor, etc.; shaken for 10 min; removed from the mannitol; blotted as before; and reweighed. The difference between the first and second weighing was taken as the amount of water lost.Oligomycin (Sigma Chemical Company; 15% oligomycin A, 85% oligomycin B)' was dissolved in absolute ethanol to make a concentration of 10 mg/ml. Aliquots of this stock solution were used to make a final concentration of 5 jug/ml. For the oligomycin experiments the same concentration of absolute ethanol was added to the controls and mannitol solution as was added in the test solutions.In half of the experiments the inhibitor or uncoupler was added first and the ATP, CTP, etc. was added later. When needed, potassium phosphate buffer (0.01 M) was used to control pH. The control experiments were conducted without adding the inhibitors. All experiments were conducted at 23 C.Each experiment was repeated five times, and the results were analyzed statistically for significance using Duncan's new multiple range test (4). Statistical comparisons between experiments were not made.'Abbreviation: DNP: 2,4-dinitrophenol.

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“…Prange (1980) Quebedaux and Osbun (1973) and Pill and Lambeth (19'7'7). and not ammonia gas as suggested by Stuart and Haddock (1968). A measurable amount of free ammonium in a plant tissue can signify the onset of ammonium toxicity (Reisenauer 1978;Ikeda andOsawa 1979, 1980 (Quebedaux and Osbun 19'73;Plll andLambeth 1977, 1980).…”

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EFFECTS OF AMMONIUM AND NITRATE NUTRITION ON THE OSTRICH FERN (Matteuccia struthiopteris)

Prange¹,

Ormrod²

1982

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Inhibition of Water Uptake in Sugar Beet Roots by Ammonia

Cited by 27 publications

References 21 publications

Effects of Ammonium Nutrition on Water Stress, Water Uptake, and Root Pressure in Lycopersicon esculentum Mill

Effects of Ammonium Nutrition on Water Stress, Water Uptake, and Root Pressure in Lycopersicon esculentum Mill

Reduction of Water Permeability in Potato Tuber Slices by Cyanide, Ammonia, 2,4-Dinitrophenol, and Oligomycin and Its Reverse by Adenosine 5′-Triphosphate and Cytidine 5′-Triphosphate

EFFECTS OF AMMONIUM AND NITRATE NUTRITION ON THE OSTRICH FERN (Matteuccia struthiopteris)

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