The Influence of Restraint Stress on Reproductive Hormones in the Cow

Thun, R.; Kaufmann, Corina; Janett, F.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0531.1998.tb01354.x

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The decrease in concentrations of progesterone and increase in estradiol in plasma before parturition in cows exposed to either elevated ambient temperatures or cooler temperatures indicate that maternal endocrine functions at parturition were not altered, although gestation was shortened when cows were exposed to elevated ambient temperatures. Stress increases concentrations of cortisol in plasma of cows (Christison and Johnson, 1972;Thun et al, 1998) and heifers (Szenci et al, 2011). Cortisol is secreted by the fetal adrenal gland and acts on the placenta to initiate a cascade of endocrine events that culminates with parturition (Smith et al, 1973;Wagner et al, 1974;Lye, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of elevated ambient temperature at parturition on duration of gestation, ruminal temperature, and endocrine function of fall-calving beef cows1

Wright

Boehmer

Cooper-Prado

et al. 2014

Journal of Animal Science

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Fall-calving Angus cows were used to evaluate the effect of ambient temperature on duration of gestation. In Exp. 1, cows were AI and calved in August (n = 14) or October (n = 10). Cows grazed native prairie pasture in Oklahoma and had a BCS of 6.0 ± 0.5 (1 = emaciated, and 9 = obese) at parturition. Commencing 2 wk before the expected calving date, blood samples were taken from the coccygeal vein every 2 to 3 d until calving. Cows that calved in August tended to have shorter gestations (P = 0.07) compared with cows that calved in October. Maximum daily ambient temperature during the last 14 d of gestation was greater for August-calving cows (P < 0.001) compared with October cows. Concentrations of cortisol in plasma during the last 4 d of gestation were greater in cows that calved in August (P < 0.04) compared with cows that calved in October. In Exp. 2, cows were AI and calved in either mid-August (n = 7), late-August (n = 6), September (n = 6), or October (n = 8) to evaluate the effects of elevated ambient temperature on duration of gestation, ruminal temperature at parturition, and plasma cortisol, progesterone, and estradiol. Temperature boluses (SmartStock, LLC, Pawnee, OK) programmed to transmit temperature every hour were place in the rumen at 255 d of gestation. Cows grazed native prairie pasture in Oklahoma and had a BCS of 6.5 ± 0.4 at calving. Maximum ambient temperatures during d 263 to 273 of gestation were influenced by month of calving × day (P < 0.001). Duration of gestation was shorter for mid-August cows (P < 0.05) compared with October cows, but did not differ compared with late-August (P = 0.29) and September (P = 0.50) cows. Ruminal temperature during the 4 d before calving was not influenced by month of calving (P = 0.76). Ruminal temperature was decreased during the 24 h before parturition for cows in all months (P < 0.01) compared with 2 to 4 d before parturition. Concentrations of cortisol in plasma during d 271 to 276 of gestation were less (P < 0.05) for late-August compared with cows that calved during the other months. Concentrations of progesterone were greater during 7 d before parturition in October compared with cows that calved in September. Estradiol in plasma of cows during late gestation was not affected by month of calving (P = 0.76). Exposure of beef cows to elevated ambient temperature resulted in shorter gestations. Ruminal temperature in cows decreased ≥ 0.3°C the day before parturition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of elevated ambient temperature at parturition on duration of gestation, ruminal temperature, and endocrine function of fall-calving beef cows1

Wright

Boehmer

Cooper-Prado

et al. 2014

Journal of Animal Science

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“…Apart from ACTH peptide, POMC gives rise to a number of biologically active opioids such as beta‐endorphin and several enkephalins which affect the pituitary gonadotrophin secretion. The secretion of ACTH activates the cortex of the adrenal glands and this results in the production of gonadal hormones such as cortisol ( Thun et al 1996) that inhibit the secretion of FSH and LH. However, the role of endogenous opioid peptides (EOP) in modulating plasma cortisol in cattle has not been demonstrated, but it seems that the hypothalamo‐pituitary‐adrenal axis of dairy cows is under suppressive opioidergic control ( Nanda et al 1992).…”

Section: Causes Of Anoestrusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anoestrus in Dairy Cows: Causes, Prevalence and Clinical Forms

Mwaanga¹,

Janowski²

2000

Reprod Domestic Animals

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Contents This article reviews some of the recent advances in veterinary research regarding the causes, prevalence and clinical forms of pathological anoestrus in dairy cows. It is one of the few components responsible for occurrence of postpartum infertility in cattle, expressed in four clinical forms: silent heat, cystic ovarian disease, ovarian afunction and corpus luteum pseudograviditatis. The prevalence of these four forms in different herds is dependent on the managerial, environmental and nutritional status of the farm. Anything, regardless of its nature, that impedes the physiological mechanism involved in oestrus expression is liable to cause anoestrus. Nutrition (energy deficiency), interacted with other factors, is the major cause of this phenomenon (anoestrus). It has direct control of the postpartum anoestrus by negatively affecting the endocrine pathways responsible for proper functioning of the reproductive system through the blockage of pulsatile release of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone in the hypothalamus. Lack of proper training by the stockman substantially contributes to silent heat occurrence. Numerous attempts have been made to prevent or treat pathological anoestrus with exogenous hormones, or nonhormonal remedies like uterine palpation and infusion of Lugol's solution, all of which have produced variable but positive results. Specific treatment for each one of the four clinical forms is briefly outlined.

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“…Cortisol is a useful indicator of short-term stress from handling or husbandry procedures (Lay et al, 1992). Increased cortisol concentrations have been shown to increase anxiety-related activity (Bristow and Holmes, 2007), disease susceptibility (Von Borell, 2001) as well as decreased reproductive performance (Cooke et al, 2012 andThun et al, 1998) of cows. Psychological factors such as depression, anxiety and stress changes in heart rate and cortisol level are predictive of a decreased probability of achieving a viable pregnancy (Cwikel et al, 2004).…”

Section: Results and Discussion Cortisolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of sound exposure in the ambient environment of Hariana bulls on their plasma concentration of testosterone and cortisol hormones

Yadav

Singh

Shukla

et al. 2017

IJAR

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The present experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of exposure of musical sound signals of 100 and 150 beats per minute (BPM) and intensity below 85 dB, on plasma concentration of cortisol and testosterone hormones of Hariana bulls maintained at semen biology lab within the premises of Instructional Livestock Farm Complex (ILFC).The present experiment was carried out for a time period of three and half months (within autumn season) and was accomplished in three phases/ conditions. To avoid individual effect of bulls, the same three Hariana bulls were used as experimental animals in all the three phases / conditions. During the first (control) phase of experiment, the bulls were not exposed to any additional source of sound except the normal environmental sound of semen collection site. In second and third phase, bulls were exposed to a musical instrumental sound signal of 100 and 150 BPM with intensity below 85 dB. All the three phases last for a period of one month (four weeks) one after other in continuation, but the third phase was started after a gap of three weeks from the second in order to nullify the persistent effect of sound exposure to bulls during second phase of investigation.The mean values of cortisol and testosterone of Hariana bulls at no exposure, sound signal of 100 and 150 BPM were 35.30±1.82, 37.71±1.82 and 34.87±1.82; and 2.54±0.09, 2.49±0.09 and 2.72±0.09, respectively. In the present study it was observed that the trend of a non significant increase in plasma concentration of testosterone and a non significant decrease in plasma concentration of cortisol as a consequence of this exposure indicated that exposure of a sound signal of 150 BPM with intensity below 85 dB, caused a favorable change in plasma concentration of sex (testosterone) and stress (cortisol) hormones, which might have been associated with better reproductive efficiency of Hariana bulls.

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The Influence of Restraint Stress on Reproductive Hormones in the Cow

Cited by 23 publications

References 20 publications

Effect of elevated ambient temperature at parturition on duration of gestation, ruminal temperature, and endocrine function of fall-calving beef cows1

Effect of elevated ambient temperature at parturition on duration of gestation, ruminal temperature, and endocrine function of fall-calving beef cows1

Anoestrus in Dairy Cows: Causes, Prevalence and Clinical Forms

Effect of sound exposure in the ambient environment of Hariana bulls on their plasma concentration of testosterone and cortisol hormones

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