The influence of preparation conditions on the surface area of zirconia

Chuah, Gaik‐Khuan; Jaenicke, Stephan; Cheong, Siew Ann; Chan, Kok-Ping

doi:10.1016/0926-860x(96)00152-4

Cited by 180 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The specific surface area of ZrO 2 nanoparticles materials was found to be 33 m 2 /g which is larger than the 23 m 2 /g obtained by Chuah et al (1996). The specific surface area of ZrO 2 nanoparticles increased from 33 to 39 m 2 /g when they were modified by sulphuric acid.…”

Section: Brunauer-emmett-tellermentioning

confidence: 72%

Synthesis of zirconia-based solid acid nanoparticles for fuel cell application

Sigwadi

Mavundla

Moloto

et al. 2016

J. energy South. Afr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Zirconia nanoparticles were prepared by the precipitation and ageing methods. The precipitation method was performed by adding ammonium solution to the aqueous solution of zirconium chloride at room temperature. The ageing method was performed by leaving the precipitate formed in the mother liquor in the glass beaker for 48 hours at ambient temperatures. The nanoparticles from both methods were further sulphated and phosphated to increase their acid sites. The materials prepared were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunauer-EmmettTeller (BET), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods. The XRD results showed that the nanoparticles prepared by the precipitation method contained mixed phases of tetragonal and monoclinic phases, whereas the nanoparticles prepared by ageing method had only tetragonal phase. The TEM results showed that phosphated and sulphated zirconia nanoparticles obtained from the ageing method had a smaller particle size (10-12 nm) than the nanoparticles of approximately 25-30 nm prepared by precipitation only. The BET results showed that the ZrO 2 nanoparticles surface area increased from 32 to 72 m 2 /g when aged.

show abstract

Section: Brunauer-emmett-tellermentioning

confidence: 72%

Synthesis of zirconia-based solid acid nanoparticles for fuel cell application

Sigwadi

Mavundla

Moloto

et al. 2016

J. energy South. Afr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thus the role of ultrasonication is close to the prolonged digestion of hydrous oxides, which also leads to condensation between particles, and formation of a strengthened porous network able to withstand the capillary forces during drying and calcination to high temperatures [75][76][77][78]. But in the case of ultrasonication, these processes proceed with substantially higher rates.…”

Section: Parametermentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined SANS and SAXS study of the action of ultrasound on the structure of amorphous zirconia gels

Gubanova

Baranchikov

Kopitsa

et al. 2015

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the present work, we have studied for the first time the combined effect of both sonication and precipitation pH on the structure of amorphous zirconia gels synthesized from zirconium(IV) propoxide. The techniques of small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering (SANS and SAXS) and low temperature nitrogen adsorption provided the integral data on the changes in the microstructure and mesostructure of these materials caused by ultrasonic treatment.Amorphous ZrO 2 ·xH 2 O synthesized under ultrasonic treatment was found to possess a very structured surface, characterized by the surface fractal dimension 2.9-3.0, compared to 2.3-2.5 for the non US-assisted synthesis, and it was also found to possess a higher specific surface area, while the sizes of the primary particles remain unchanged.

show abstract

“…The solid Nafion was then dissolved in DMF and stirred for two hours. Meanwhile, the hydrous zirconia was prepared via film casting process according to the method proposed by Chuah et al [9]. ZrOCl 2 .8H 2 O was dissolved in distilled water.…”

Section: Materials and Methods Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Properties and Conductivity of Nafion-Zirconia Composite Membrane

Mokhtaruddin

Mohamad

Loh³

et al. 2016

MJAS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The application of composite membranes for high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell has attracted interests. Nafion-metal dioxide composite membranes are considered among the research niche. In this study, Nafion membranes and Nafion-zirconia composite membranes with 1, 3 and 5 wt. % of hydrous zirconia were prepared accordingly. All membranes were characterized by quantitative analysis techniques such as thermogravimetry analyse, diffraction scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared. All composite membranes showed high glass transition temperatures and improved water retention properties, compared to the Nafion membrane. The composite membrane with 3 wt. % of zirconia showed the highest thermal resistance at 90°C.Keywords: high temperature PEM, glass transition temperature, conductivity, composite membrane, Nafion-zirconia Abstrak Penggunaan membran komposit dalam operasi sel bahanapi membran penukar proton pada suhu tinggi semakin mendapat perhatian pengkaji. Membran komposit Nafion-logam dioksida adalah antara bidang kajian dalam kumpulan ini. Bagi kajian ini, membran Nafion dan membran komposit Nafion-zirkonia dengan 1, 3, dan 5 wt. % telah disediakan. Kesemua membran dicirikan menggunakan teknik analisis kuantitatif seperti analisis termogravimetri, kalorimetri imbasan kerbedaan dan Fourier inframerah. Kesemua membran komposit mempunyai suhu peralihan kaca yang tinggi dan keupayaan penahanan air yang lebih baik berbanding membran Nafion. Membran komposit dengan 3 wt. % zirkonia menunjukkan ketahanan suhu tinggi pada suhu operasi 90°C.Kata kunci: PEM suhu tinggi, suhu peralihan kaca, konduktiviti, membran komposit, Nafion-zirkonia Introduction Fuel cells are electrochemical devices which convert the energy from the reaction of fuel and oxygen into electric energy continuously with water and CO 2 as the byproducts [1]. Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is one of the fuel cell types, for temperature ranging from 60 -100 °C. Nafion membranes are the most commonly used polymer electrolytes in PEMFC application as it has excellent chemical, mechanical and electrochemical properties as well as high proton conductivity at ambient temperature and high humidity condition. This waterbased electrolyte needs to be kept in a hydrated condition for the best performance and a maximum conductivity of 0.083 S/cm at 100% relative humidity (RH) [2].

show abstract

The influence of preparation conditions on the surface area of zirconia

Cited by 180 publications

References 22 publications

Synthesis of zirconia-based solid acid nanoparticles for fuel cell application

Synthesis of zirconia-based solid acid nanoparticles for fuel cell application

Combined SANS and SAXS study of the action of ultrasound on the structure of amorphous zirconia gels

Thermal Properties and Conductivity of Nafion-Zirconia Composite Membrane

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About