The Influence of Political and Economic Factors on Emigration From Russia to Europe

Abstract

This research examines the influence and interaction of economic and political factors on the process of emigration from the Russian Federation to European countries (e.g., Finland, Switzerland, and Spain) from 1996 to 2019. According to the theoretical part, we determined that the scale of emigration decreases with an increase in GDP per capita. However, with a sharp increase in GDP at the turn of the 2000s, the emigration from Russia to the selected countries has only increased in what can be considered a phenomenon. Following the theoretical framework, we have determined that this process can be facilitated by some extra variable, which in our case is political freedom. To visualize the process, we observe the indicator of freedom of expression, which moderately declined from 1999 to 2016. As a result of the comparative analysis of migration, economic and political data from OECD, Eurostat, and V-Dem Institute, we determined that due to the deterioration of political freedoms within the country, negative political factors have shifted positive economic growth and affected the increase of emigration scale to the selected European countries.

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“…Криц осуществил обзор основных проблем международной миграции (Kritz, 1987), а в трудах (Todaro, 1969) дается описание модели трудовой миграции. Значительное внимание уделяется процессам влияния социальных, политических и экономических факторов на миграцию (Ryazantsev, Bragin, 2023).…”

Assessment of the impact of labor migration on the natural demographic movement of the region’s population

“…It should be noted that the internal migration of the labor force in these works is explained mainly within the framework of market-driven theories, without deeply taking into account the non-economic effects of migration, which are critically significant due to the high diversity of the Russian population [9], although confessional [41], ethno-psychological [35] and cultural [13] problems of interregional migration have been comprehensively studied. At the same time, there are still not enough works investigating the negative aspects of the demographic development of donor regions.…”