The Influence of Plant Chemicals on the Feeding Behavior, Development, and Survival of the Two-Striped Grasshopper, Melanoplus Bivittatus (Say), Acrididae: Orthoptera

Harley, K. L. S.; Thorsteinson, A. J.

doi:10.1139/z67-043

Cited by 100 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This is true of hordenine in Hordeum vulgare which disappears within a month (Mann et al, 1963) and of halostachine in Lolium perenne which declines to 20% of its original level in five weeks (Aasen et al, 1969). A number of alkaloids are known to be distasteful to Melanoplus bivittatus (Say) (Harley & Thorsteinson, 1967), and the reductions in concentrations recorded above correlate with increases in feeding observed in Locusta (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The inhibitory effect of seedling grasses on feeding and survival of Acridids (Orthoptera)

Bernays¹,

Chapman²,

Horsey³

et al. 1974

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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The amounts eaten by Locusta migratoria migratorioides (R. & F.) on seedling grasses was less than on mature grasses in four other Acridids, Nomadacris septemfasciata (Serv.), Chortoicetes terminifera (Wlk.), Melanoplus sanguinipes (F.) and Schistocerca gregaria (Forsk.). Palatability of the young grasses increases with age, becoming maximal 6-10 weeks from the time of germination. Similar preferences were shown by other Acridids. Time-lapse film studies on Locusta showed that not only is less time spent feeding on seedling grasses, but that locomotor activity levels are considerably higher. Survival studies on the same species showed higher mortality on the seedlings as compared with the mature leaves at all stages of nymphal development, while on seedlings no individuals survived to the adult stage. Lipid-soluble materials were removed from seedling leaves with chloroform or acetone and this rendered them more acceptable, while the extract applied to mature leaves resulted in reduced palatability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The inhibitory effect of seedling grasses on feeding and survival of Acridids (Orthoptera)

Bernays¹,

Chapman²,

Horsey³

et al. 1974

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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“…It is expected that generalists can select superior hosts from a battery of suitable plants (MacArthur and Pianka 1966;Lance 1983). Generalists demonstrably grow and survive as well or better on some acceptable plants than on others (Waldbauer 1962;Harley and Thornsteinson 1967;Wiklund 1973;Barbosa 1978a, 19786;Smiley 1978;Chew 1980;Futuyma and Wasserman 1980;Stanton 1980). Data on palatability, growth, and survival of D. virginica suggest that less acceptable plants, for whatever reason, are inferior to others (Table 1).…”

Section: Growth and Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

The feeding behavior of a polyphagous caterpillar (Diacrisia virginica) in its natural habitat

Dethier¹

1988

Can. J. Zool.

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The feeding behavior of a polyphagous caterpillar (Diacrisia virignica) in its natural habitat. Can. J. Zool. 66: [1280][1281][1282][1283][1284][1285][1286][1287][1288]. The ground-dwelling woolly bear caterpillar Diacrisia virginica occupies a habitat characterized by low-lying forbs, grasses, and sedges where it feeds on more than 100 species of plants. The short effective range of its visual and olfactory senses restricts to 1 cm or less the distance from which it can recognize plants. Catcrpillars meander randomly and blunder into food plants. Because of the dense and complex vegetational texture of the habitat, the random locomotion in the field, and the omnivorous diet of the caterpillars, only a small proportion of time need be spent wandering (2%). More than 90% of the time is devoted to inactivity which represents postprandial and trail resting. Meal size is regulated by state of deprivation and is modified by the position of the plant in the hierarchy of acceptability. With increasing deprivation larvae become less finicky and therefore seldom experience acute starvation. The effectiveness of plants in sustaining survival and optimal growth of caterpillars is only grossly correlated with acceptability. The field behavior of D. virginica seems to be well described by the thermostatic model of feeding which predicts time budgeting for animals as a function of physiological and ecological parameters.DETHIER, V. G . 1988. The feeding behavior of a polyphagous caterpillar (Diacrisia virignica) in its natural habitat. Can. J.Zool. 66 : 1280-1288. La chenille de Diacrisia virginica, qui vit sur le sol, choisit des habitats c,aracterisks par les herbackes basses, herbes, laiches et autres. L'espkce consomme plus d'une centaine d'espkces de plantes. A cause de l'efficacitk limitke de ses sens visuel et olfactif, la chenille ne reconnait les plantes que lorsqu'elles sont a une distance de 1 cm ou moins. Les chenilles sillonnent B I'aveuglette dans les plantes ressources et tombent dessus par hasard. La texture dense et complexe de la vegetation dans l'habitat, la locomotion au hasard en nature et le rkgime alimentaire omnivore des chenilles limitent le temps nkcessaire B la recherche de noumture B une petite proportion (2%). Les chenilles demeurent inactives durant plus de 90% de leur temps, ce qui reprksente surtout des pkriodes de repos aprks les repas et les dkplacements. La quantitk de noumture ingkrke aux repas dkpend de la faim des chenilles et de la position des plantes dans la hikrarchie d'acceptabilitk; plus les chenilles ont faim, moins elles sont difficiles dans leur choix, ce qui fait qu'elles sont rarement trks affamkes. L'efficacitk des plantes B assurer la survie et la croissance optimale des chenilles n'est que faiblement relike B leur acceptabilitk. Le comportement de D. virginica en nature correspond bien au modkle thermostatique d'alimentation qui suppose que l'emploi du temps d'un animal est rkgi par des paramktres physiologiques et kcologiques.[Traduit par la revue] Introduction 1887; Dethier...

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“…It must cope with persistent threats of attack by predators and parasitoids (Bernays, 1997(Bernays, , 1998Bernays & Woods, 2000), a nutritionally poor diet (Slansky, 1993), and a diverse array of noxious secondary plant compounds (Harborne & Baxter, 1993). Some of these noxious compounds are both unpalatable and toxic, while others are simply toxic or unpalatable (Harley & Thorsteinson, 1967;Bernays & Chapman, 1987;Detzel & Wink, 1993;Glendinning, 1996). To handle these different classes of secondary plant compounds, herbivorous insects possess physiological response mechanisms that enable them (a) to detect and reject potentially toxic compounds in plant tissues, and (b) to override their aversive response selectively to harmless compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do herbivorous insects cope with noxious secondary plant compounds in their diet?

Glendinning

2002

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Herbivorous insects use a variety of physiological mechanisms to cope with noxious (i.e., unpalatable and/or toxic) compounds in their food plants. Here, I review what is known about this coping process, focusing on one species of caterpillar, the tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta). Herbivorous insects possess both preingestive (i.e., chemosensory) and postingestive response mechanisms for detecting plant secondary compounds. Stimulation of either class of detection mechanism inhibits feeding rapidly by reducing biting rate and/or bite size. This aversive response is highly adaptive during encounters with secondary plant compounds that are toxic. The insect's dilemma is that many harmless or mildly toxic compounds also activate the aversive response. To overcome this dilemma, herbivorous insects employ at least three mechanisms for selectively deactivating their aversive response to relatively harmless secondary plant compounds: (1) the presence of carbohydrates can mask the unpalatable taste of some secondary plant compounds; (2) prolonged dietary exposure to some unpalatable secondary plant compounds can initiate long-term adaptation mechanisms in the peripheral and central gustatory system; and (3) dietary exposure to toxic compounds can induce production of P450 detoxication enzymes. Thus, herbivorous insects utilize an integrated suite of physiological mechanisms to detect potentially toxic compounds in foods, and then selectively adapt to those that do not pose a serious threat to their growth and survivorship.

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The Influence of Plant Chemicals on the Feeding Behavior, Development, and Survival of the Two-Striped Grasshopper, Melanoplus Bivittatus (Say), Acrididae: Orthoptera

Cited by 100 publications

References 12 publications

The inhibitory effect of seedling grasses on feeding and survival of Acridids (Orthoptera)

The inhibitory effect of seedling grasses on feeding and survival of Acridids (Orthoptera)

The feeding behavior of a polyphagous caterpillar (Diacrisia virginica) in its natural habitat

How do herbivorous insects cope with noxious secondary plant compounds in their diet?

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