The Influence of Parenting and Friendship on Self-Esteem in Adolescents

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Studies in psychology often discuss adolescents with their strong self-esteem as individuals who know themselves. Self-esteem development in adolescents. These adolescents begin to understand the changes of personality development starting from the cognitive aspect or thoughts, emotion, feeling, social, and physical aspects. AIM: This study consistently aimed at finding comprehensive evidence that positive parenting and friendship affect self-esteem in adolescents. METHODS: The population of this study was adolescents, namely 173 senior high school students consisting of 72 males and 100 females who were involved and participated in this study. The data analysis, in this study, was the 2 predictors for linear regression analysis. RESULTS: The results showed that parenting and friendship simultaneously influenced self-esteem formation in adolescents. Partially, the result of this study also showed that parenting affected self-esteem formation in adolescents. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, friendship showed a significant effect on self-esteem formation in adolescents. Thus, the hypotheses in this study were accepted.

The influence of parenting on building character in adolescents

“…The first family environment is father, mother and the individual themselves. The relationship between the individual and their parents is a reciprocal relationship where there is interaction in it ( Meherali et al., 2021 ; Sugiarti et al., 2021 ). The family is the primary context in which the formation of the individual first occurs.…”

“…Although it has not been stated as absolute that the adolescents will follow their peers’ lifestyle, it needs to be realized that adolescence is a period of instability, both in the way of thinking and having principles in life ( den Boer et al., 2021 ; Martínez et al., 2021 ; Sugiarti et al., 2021 ).…”

“…Adolescence is the period in a human life span, and is the time with the highest risk among other life spans ( Armitage et al., 2020 ). Adolescence is a transition period from childhood to adulthood ( Sugiarti et al., 2020 , 2021 ) accompanied by various changes, both physically, mentally and psychosocially ( Itahashi et al., 2020 ). Adolescence is a critical phase too, especially for psychosocial development; because, at this time, there are behaviors and habits that are shaped and will be strengthened in the future ( Williams et al., 2018 ).…”

“…Previous studies showed that parenting plays an important role in building character in adolescents. Parenting affects psychosocial development and behavior in adolescents ( Sugiarti et al., 2021 ; Tulip et al., 2020 ). Parenting by parents plays an important role in building the adolescents’ characters ( Banstola et al., 2020 ; Smith-Adcock et al., 2019 ).…”

“…Families and parents, as the first and primary environment, are the factors of basic character in adolescents. Parenting performed by cooperating provides tolerance and in a warm manner, and tends to make an adolescent as an individual who likes peace, has tolerance and appreciation ( Garcia et al., 2020 ; Sugiarti et al., 2021 ).…”