The influence of obesity by a diet high in saturated fats and carbohydrates balance in the manifestation of systemic complications and comorbidities

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that obesity induced by a diet rich in saturated fats and balanced in carbohydrates is associated with the development of systemic complications and comorbidities. Methods: Thirty-seven 60-day-old male Wistar rats were randomized into two groups: control (C, n = 18, standard diet) and obese (OB, n = 19, high-saturated fat diet), for 33 weeks. Nutritional profile: food and caloric intake, feed efficiency, body weight, and adiposity index. Complications: in plasma were analyzed dyslipidemia, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), glucose intolerance, hyperleptinemia, hyperinsulinemia, plasmatic C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α); in the myocardial and epididymal adipose tissue were assessed IL-6 and TNF-α. Comorbidities: diabetes mellitus and systemic blood pressure (SBP). Student's t test, ANOVA, and Bonferroni P < 0.05. Results: The final body weight, feed efficiency, and adiposity index were higher in OB group than in control; although food intake was lower in OB group, caloric intake was similar in both groups. Specific parameters, such as LDL, cholesterol, triglycerides, HOMA-IR, CRP, TNF-α in epididymal adipose tissue, and IL-6 in the myocardium, were higher in obese rats than in controls. SBP, baseline glucose, and glucose after 2 h of overload were significantly increased in OB group; however, the severity was not enough to classify the animals as diabetic and hypertensive. Conclusion: Obesity induced by a diet high in saturated fatty acids with balanced carbohydrates for 33 weeks in Wistar rats was effective in triggering complications but unable to develop comorbidities.

The nutraceutical potential ofLepidium sativum L.seed flavonoid-rich extract in managing metabolic syndrome components

“…The imbalance in adipose tissue is characterized by adipocyte hypertrophy leading to impairment in the production of inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory adipokines resulting in low‐grade chronic inflammation. One of the first consequences of this inflammatory status is insulin resistance (Adorni et al, ; Stojanović, Deljanin‐Ilić, Ilić, Petrović, & Đukić, ). According to Andrade, Câmara, and Moraes‐Vieira (), TNFα prevents the phosphorylation of insulin receptors, interfering their cascade action and preventing their functioning.…”

“…One of the first consequences of this inflammatory status is insulin resistance (Adorni et al, 2017;Stojanović, Deljanin-Ilić, Ilić, Petrović, & Đukić, 2015). According to Andrade, Câmara, and Moraes-Vieira (2015), TNFα prevents the phosphorylation of insulin receptors, interfering their cascade action and preventing their functioning.…”

Cardiac Remodeling in Obesity-Resistance Model is not Related to Collagen I and III Protein Expression

“…The diets used in this study have been described elsewhere 11,12,14,15 and the composition followed AIN93 recommendations, consisting of the following ingredients: corn bran, soybean hull, soybean bran, dextrin, salt, vitamin and mineral complex, palm kernel oil, and soybean oil. enzymatic colorimetric method (Chemistry Analyzer BS-200, Mindray Medical International Limited, Shenzhen, China).…”