The influence of non-rubber constituents on performance of silica reinforced natural rubber compounds

Sarkawi, Siti Salina; Dierkes, Wilma K.; Noordermeer, Jacobus W.M.

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.06.022

Cited by 49 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(25 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This behavior is mainly due to the strong interactions between silica particles . Contrary to the carbon black, which exhibits a relatively low polar component, the siloxane and silanol groups of the silica surface give rise to a polar and hydrophilic filler, which reduces its interactions with the hydrophobic polymer matrix . This promotes a high filler‐filler interaction that dominates in silica‐filled compounds, thus leading to the formation of silica networks and the associated difficulties in its dispersion in nonpolar polymers .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tire tread compounds with reduced rolling resistance and improved wet grip

Veiga

Rossignol

Crespo

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this work is to investigate the replacement of carbon black by silica‐organosilane coupling agent system and the number of processing steps on the mechanical properties, rolling resistance, and wet grip of truck tire treads. Eight compounds were prepared: two formulations based on carbon black, five formulations with the partial replacement of carbon black by a silica‐organosilane coupling agent system, and one formulation with the total replacement of carbon black with silica. The rolling resistance decreased by 10% and the wet grip increased by 18.5% for the compound with 15 phr of silica, 3 phr of organosilane, and three processing steps compared to the standard compound. The processing steps also promoted an improvement in these properties for the composition with 50 phr of carbon black. The partial use of silica reduced the abrasion loss, thus confirming the durability of the compound. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45334.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tire tread compounds with reduced rolling resistance and improved wet grip

Veiga

Rossignol

Crespo

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Silica added into rubber may react with abnormal groups that formed during thermal degradation of NR, such as -OH or -C=O, [14] or with non-rubber constituent of NR. [15] This leads to better regularity of network and degenerate the bimodal distribution of the molecular chain. Hence, in TG-DTG pattern of NR -SiKBT remains only one small shoulder at 429.3 o C, near the main peak of maximal degradation.…”

Section: Effect Of Silica On Thermal Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the effect of modified and unmodified silica on the properties of natural rubber vulcanizates

Quang

Hưng

Bui

et al. 2019

Vietnam Journal of Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the article, the effects of silica (silicon oxide) on some properties of natural rubber (NR) were studied. Silica used are unmodified (SiKBT) and modified with triethoxi silane propyl tetrasunfite (SiBT). It is shown SiBT increases vulcanization network density (VND), so it enhances strength and elastic properties of NR. In contrary, SiKBT decreases VND and reduces, but has almost no effect on strength of NR. Silica, both modified and unmodified, are assumed to improve network regularity of NR that change thermal degradation behavior of materials and keep the strength of NR-SiKBT compound unchanged.

show abstract

“…[1][2][3]. As green tires spring up around the world, silica is widely utilized in tire treads in order to improve the tear resistance, enhance the wet skid resistance of tires and reduce rolling resistance [4][5][6][7][8]. However, the application of silica alone as a reinforcing filler results in an increase in production costs, as well as the decline of tire wear resistance and antistatic property.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Serial Modular Continuous Mixing Process Parameters for Natural Rubber Composites Reinforced by Silica/Carbon Black

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the tire industry, the combination of carbon black and silica is commonly utilized to improve the comprehensive performance of natural rubber so as to realize the best performance and cost-effectiveness. The corresponding mixing is divided into three processes (initial mixing, delivery, reactive mixing) by the serial modular continuous mixing method, thus achieving more accurate control of the mixing process, higher production efficiency and better performance. Moreover, the optimization of serial modular continuous mixing process parameters can not only improve the performance of composite materials, but help people understand the physical and chemical changes and the reinforcing mechanism of fillers in the mixing process. In this paper, the relationship among the parameters of eight processes and filler network structure, tensile strength, chemical reinforcing effect and tear resistance was explored through experiments. The deep causes of performance changes caused by parameters were analyzed. Consequently, the best process condition and the ranking of the influencing factors for a certain performance was obtained. Furthermore, the best preparation process of natural rubber (NR)/carbon black/silica composite was achieved through comprehensive analysis.In modern industry, batch internal mixers are usually utilized to prepare carbon black/silica/rubber composite materials. After the first stage of mixing and dumping, the second stage of mixing is needed in order to realize a sufficient silanization reaction and control the heat load of rubber mixing. However, achieving acceptable performance also wastes energy and time [13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. In recent years, many scholars and companies have contributed to developing continuous mixers, such as the Farrell continuous mixer, the twin-shaft continuous mixer, the Buss Kneader continuous mixer, and the co-rotating twin screw continuous mixer [20][21][22][23]. Nevertheless, due to the structural limitations of the feeding port of the above continuous mixers, only powdery and granular materials are able to be added, except for block rubber. As a result, these continuous mixers are mostly applied in the plastic industry [24][25][26][27][28]. In addition, even though granular rubber is used as the raw material regardless of cost, the accuracy of the ratio of raw rubber and filler is hard to ensure with these continuous mixing methods. Consequently, based on the requirements of modern industrial continuous rubber mixing, a serial modular continuous mixer (SMCM) has been designed by Professor Wang [29]. The modular design ensures the accuracy of the ratio, and also has a good residence time, temperature control, and exhaust. The core components are the initial mixing rotors and the core reaction mixing twin rotors. The special geometry causes these components to produce elongational forces except shear stress to the compound, which enhances the dispersion effect and reaction extent. Previous studies have shown that, compared to two-stage mixing, the serial process ...

show abstract

The influence of non-rubber constituents on performance of silica reinforced natural rubber compounds

Cited by 49 publications

References 23 publications

Tire tread compounds with reduced rolling resistance and improved wet grip

Tire tread compounds with reduced rolling resistance and improved wet grip

Study on the effect of modified and unmodified silica on the properties of natural rubber vulcanizates

Optimization of Serial Modular Continuous Mixing Process Parameters for Natural Rubber Composites Reinforced by Silica/Carbon Black

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About