The influence of non-osteogenic factors on the expression of M-CSF and VEGF during fracture healing

Köttstorfer, Julia; Kaiser, Georg; Thomas, Anita; Gregori, Markus; Kecht, Mathias; Domaszewski, Florian; Sarahrudi, Kambiz

doi:10.1016/j.injury.2013.02.028

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In line with our finding, no significant effect of sex has been reported on blood levels of CSF-1 10 , 17 . On the other hand, studies have reported higher blood levels of CSF-1 in males 18 , 30 , as well as in females 31 , 32 . Circulating levels of CSF-1 is further modulated by pregnancy, wherein up-regulated levels are measured in pregnant women 33 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Decreased flow of gingival crevicular fluid in smokers, which would lead to a lower influx of inflammatory mediators into saliva, might be one possible reason for this decrease 35 . Lower levels of CSF-1 in serum have been found in smoking patients with long bone fractures 32 , whereas others found no significant effect of smoking on plasmatic CSF-1 10 . Together, our data indicates the need of taking age and smoking into account when relating salivary CSF-1 levels to diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Colony stimulating factor-1 in saliva in relation to age, smoking, and oral and systemic diseases

Lira-Júnior

Åkerman

Gustafsson

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Colony stimulating factor (CSF)-1 is a growth factor that stimulates the survival, proliferation and differentiation of mononuclear phagocytes, which has been implicated in several inflammatory diseases. This study evaluated the possible influence of age, sex, smoking, periodontitis, caries, and several systemic conditions on salivary levels of CSF-1. Four-hundred and forty-one individuals were enrolled in this study. All participants answered a health questionnaire and underwent a comprehensive oral examination. Stimulated saliva was collected and CSF-1 levels were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Salivary levels of CSF-1 were significantly increased in participants over 64 years old and in non-smoking individuals, whereas no difference was observed between men and women. Individuals having periodontitis and manifest caries had significantly higher levels of CSF-1. Participants with muscle and joint disease exhibited increased CSF-1 levels as compared to those without. Age, smoking, percentage of pockets ≥4 mm, number of manifest caries lesions, and presence of tumor were associated with CSF-1 levels. Salivary levels of CSF-1 are associated with age, smoking, periodontitis, manifest caries, and the presence of muscle and joint diseases and tumors. CSF-1 might be a promising biomarker candidate in saliva of both local and systemic conditions that needs further investigation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Colony stimulating factor-1 in saliva in relation to age, smoking, and oral and systemic diseases

Lira-Júnior

Åkerman

Gustafsson

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…For example, systemic levels of TGF- β were found to vary based on smoking status, age, gender, diabetes mellitus, and chronic alcohol abuse at different time points [ 91 ]. The same factors, excluding alcohol abuse, have been shown to affect expression of macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) [ 92 ]. A recent systematic review concluded after thorough analysis of data presented in 44 studies that no recommendations in terms of clinical use of these serologic biomarkers can be made at this point [ 93 ].…”

Section: Serologic Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Options for Determining Fracture Union

Morshed

2014

Advances in Medicine

163

107

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Determining whether a bone fracture is healed is one of the most important and fundamental clinical determinations made in orthopaedics. However, there are currently no standardized methods of assessing fracture union, which in turn has created significant disagreement among orthopaedic surgeons in both clinical and research settings. An extensive amount of research has been dedicated to finding novel and reliable ways of determining healing with some promising results. Recent advancements in imaging techniques and introduction of new radiographic scores have helped decrease the amount of disagreement on this topic among physicians. The knowledge gained from biomechanical studies of bone healing has helped us refine our tools and create more efficient and practical research instruments. Additionally, a deeper understanding of the molecular pathways involved in the bone healing process has led to emergence of serologic markers as possible candidates in assessment of fracture union. In addition to our current physician centered methods, patient-centered approaches assessing quality of life and function are gaining popularity in assessment of fracture union. Despite these advances, assessment of union remains an imperfect practice in the clinical setting. Therefore, clinicians need to draw on multiple modalities that directly and indirectly measure or correlate with bone healing when counseling patients.

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“…In the present study, we measured the level of M-CSF, TGF- β 1, and VEGF-A in serum of male patients with fractures during the first 2 weeks after trauma. Only male patients were selected because we wanted to eliminate gender related alteration of growth factor expression as previously reported [ 5 , 21 ]. Our data showed that, unlike VEGF-A, the M-CSF and TGF- β 1 serum levels were elevated in patients with multiple fractures compared to the patients with single fractures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Difference between Growth Factor Expression after Single and Multiple Fractures: Preliminary Results in Human Fracture Healing

et al. 2015

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Objectives. Circulating levels of VEGF-A (Vascular Endothelia Growth Factor-A), TGF-β1 (Transforming Growth Factor-beta 1), and M-CSF (Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor) were found to be predictors of bone healing and therefore prognostic criteria of delayed bone healing or nonunion. The aim of this study was to evaluate a potential rise of these markers in patients with multiple fractures of long bones compared to patients with single fractured long bone. Methods. 92 patients were included in the study and finally after excluding all female patients 45 male patients were left for final analysis and divided into the single or multiple fracture group. TGF-β1, M-CSF, and VEGF-A serum levels were analysed over a time period of two weeks. Results. MCSF serum concentrations were higher in the group with multiple fractures as also TGF-β1 serum concentrations were at one and two weeks after trauma. No statistically significant difference was observed in the VEGF-A serum concentrations of both groups at either measurement point. Conclusion. We did observe a correlation between the quantity of the M-CSF and TGF-β1 expressions in serum and the number of fractured bones; surprisingly there was no statistically significant difference in the serum levels between patients with single and multiple fractures of long bones.

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The influence of non-osteogenic factors on the expression of M-CSF and VEGF during fracture healing

Cited by 16 publications

References 38 publications

Colony stimulating factor-1 in saliva in relation to age, smoking, and oral and systemic diseases

Colony stimulating factor-1 in saliva in relation to age, smoking, and oral and systemic diseases

Current Options for Determining Fracture Union

The Difference between Growth Factor Expression after Single and Multiple Fractures: Preliminary Results in Human Fracture Healing

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