The influence of magnetic field orientation on metal mixing in electromagnetic stirring enhanced wire feed laser beam welding

Meng, Xiangmeng; Bachmann, Markus; Artinov, Antoni; Rethmeier, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2021.117135

Cited by 36 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This phenomenon can lead to a separation of the material transport from the top to the weld root, as opposite vortices are formed in the top and the root part, separated by a constricting region. Similar results were also obtained by Meng et al [15] and Sohail et al [9] and identified as the cause of the limited filler wire mixing.…”

Section: Lbw Experiments In Steel-glass Configurationsupporting

confidence: 88%

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Influence of shielding gas on filler wire mixing at laser hybrid welding of thick high strength steels

Üstündag,

Kampffmeyer,

Wolters

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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The laser hybrid welding process offers many advantages during welding of thick-walled steels, such as the increased penetration depth and, thus, reduced number of layers, reduced heat input and decreased distortion compared to arc-based welding processes. Especially, when welding high-strength steels (HSS), the reduced heat input plays an essential role. However, a major challenge when laser hybrid welding of thick-walled steels is the limited filler wire mixing over the entire seam thickness, which can lead to changed mechanical properties over the depth. To overcome this issue, the add of oxygen into the shielding gas and its influence on the filler wire mixing and finally to the mechanical properties were investigated within this work. Therefore, 20 mm thick S690QL steels were laser hybrid welded in a single-pass. A contactless electromagnetic backing was used to avoid sagging. The admixture of oxygen was performed by a gas mixer, where the oxygen content was varied between 0 % and 7.2 %. The experiments were also accompanied by laser beam welding tests in steel/glass configuration, where the melt pool geometry as well as the melt flow characteristics were captured by a high-speed camera. It can be concluded, that adding of approx. 4 % oxygen into the shielding gas had a positive effect on the filler wire mixing, were up to a depth of 18 mm elements of the filler wire could be observed.

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Section: Lbw Experiments In Steel-glass Configurationsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Best results were obtained with a coaxially inhomogeneous magnetic field. In [15] an external magnetic field was applied for wire-feed LBW of 10 mm thick austenitic stainless steel to improve the mixing behaviour. It was found that a bulging region is formed, which narrows the metal transfer channel from the top to the bottom region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of shielding gas on filler wire mixing at laser hybrid welding of thick high strength steels

Üstündag,

Kampffmeyer,

Wolters

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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“…The multi-physics model is based on several previous works with some further improvements and adaptions. More details can be obtained from the authors' previous works [46][47][48][49][50]. Note that only the main physical features of the welding process are formulated concisely in the manuscript; thus the emphasis is on the improvements in the model, especially on the ray tracing approach.…”

Section: Numerical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Analysis of the Partial Penetration High Power Laser Beam Welding of Thick Sheets at High Process Speeds

Artinov

Meng

Bachmann

et al. 2021

Metals

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The present work is devoted to the numerical analysis of the high-power laser beam welding of thick sheets at different welding speeds. A three-dimensional transient multi-physics numerical model is developed, allowing for the prediction of the keyhole geometry and the final penetration depth. Two ray tracing algorithms are implemented and compared, namely a standard ray tracing approach and an approach using a virtual mesh refinement for a more accurate calculation of the reflection point. Both algorithms are found to provide sufficient accuracy for the prediction of the keyhole depth during laser beam welding with process speeds of up to 1.5mmin−1. However, with the standard algorithm, the penetration depth is underestimated by the model for a process speed of 2.5mmin−1 due to a trapping effect of the laser energy in the top region. In contrast, the virtually refined ray tracing approach results in high accuracy results for process speeds of both 1.5mmin−1 and 2.5mmin−1. A detailed study on the trapping effect is provided, accompanied by a benchmark including a predefined keyhole geometry with typical characteristics for the high-power laser beam welding of thick plates at high process speed, such as deep keyhole, inclined front keyhole wall, and a hump.

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“…The blocking effect of the filler wire on the laser beam energy distribution was considered empirically. [38] Note that the attenuation of the laser radiation caused by the vapor plume was not considered in this study. [39] Element transport equation…”

Section: General Assumptions and Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidation of the Bulging Effect by an Improved Ray‐Tracing Algorithm in Deep Penetration Wire Feed Laser Beam Welding and Its Influence on the Mixing Behavior

et al. 2022

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Herein, an improved ray‐tracing routine using a virtual mesh refinement approach is adopted in a 3D transient multiphysics computational fluid dynamics model for deep penetration wire feed laser beam welding. In a previous study, it was shown that the improved localization of the reflection points of the subrays within the keyhole leads to a more realistic development of the keyhole depth being validated with experimental results. Another effect investigated in detail herein is a drastic change in the flow behavior in the weld pool, which promotes the occurrence of a necking area in the solidification line and subsequent bulging under specific circumstances. This has a detrimental effect on the filler material element transport in the weld pool, leading to an inhomogeneous dilution of the added material. The numerical observations are backed up by experimentally obtained data, allowing to provide a clear physics‐based explanation of the reduced mixing behavior of the filler wire in the melt pool.

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The influence of magnetic field orientation on metal mixing in electromagnetic stirring enhanced wire feed laser beam welding

Cited by 36 publications

References 30 publications

Influence of shielding gas on filler wire mixing at laser hybrid welding of thick high strength steels

Influence of shielding gas on filler wire mixing at laser hybrid welding of thick high strength steels

Numerical Analysis of the Partial Penetration High Power Laser Beam Welding of Thick Sheets at High Process Speeds

Elucidation of the Bulging Effect by an Improved Ray‐Tracing Algorithm in Deep Penetration Wire Feed Laser Beam Welding and Its Influence on the Mixing Behavior

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