The influence of hydrophobicity on sludge dewatering associated with cationic starch-based flocculants

A Review of Natural Polysaccharides-Based Flocculants Derived from Waste: Application Efficiency, Function Mechanism, and Development Prospects

“…120 The basic structural unit is composed of d-pyranose, and grafting and cross-linking reactions usually occur at the alcohol hydroxyl groups C2, C3, and C6. 23,27,98 Hu et al prepared a series of cationic flocculants (St-DMRs, n DMR :n AM = 2.0:4.0/ 2.3:3.7/2.7:3.3/3.3:2.7) with similar charge densities and varying hydrophobicities using a St-grafted quaternary ammonium salt, which purified natural surface water and inhibited the water absorption of sludge (16.21%). 27,98 The introduction of quaternary ammonium salts resulted in structural characteristics of high charge density, long branched chains, and low graft monomer distribution, while an abundant cationic branched chain structure was more conducive to expressing the adsorption bridging effect on HA, colloidal particles, and suspended particles.…”

“…23,27,98 Hu et al prepared a series of cationic flocculants (St-DMRs, n DMR :n AM = 2.0:4.0/ 2.3:3.7/2.7:3.3/3.3:2.7) with similar charge densities and varying hydrophobicities using a St-grafted quaternary ammonium salt, which purified natural surface water and inhibited the water absorption of sludge (16.21%). 27,98 The introduction of quaternary ammonium salts resulted in structural characteristics of high charge density, long branched chains, and low graft monomer distribution, while an abundant cationic branched chain structure was more conducive to expressing the adsorption bridging effect on HA, colloidal particles, and suspended particles. 114,115 To avoid the formation of nitrogen-containing disinfection byproducts (N-DBPs, such as nitrosamines, during the chloramination disinfection process), a grafting polysaccharide strategy with quaternary phosphine groups is considered feasible.…”

“…24 Polysaccharides extracted from various natural wastes for use as flocculants have been actively studied by many researchers and companies. Chitosan (CS), 25 Enteromorpha polysaccharides (EP), 26 starch (St), 27 LA, 19 cellulose, 28 sodium alginate (SA), 29 and pectin 30 have been widely used in flocculation to remove organic macromolecules and suspended particles from wastewater.…”

Study on Flocculation Performance of New Cationic Starch‐Based Sludge Wastewater Flocculant

“…After flocculation, large, loose, well-compressed flocs are more conducive to subsequent sludge treatment. [59,60] Kaolin particles are often used in wastewater simulation systems because of their negative charge and similarity to pollutants in wastewater. [29] In this paper, a new cationic flocculant starch graft polymerization of acrylamide-allyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (St-g-ATMAC) was prepared in this paper using biodegradable starch as raw material, ATMAC as cationic monomer, and CAN as initiator in aqueous solution.…”

“…After flocculation, large, loose, well‐compressed flocs are more conducive to subsequent sludge treatment. [ 59,60 ] Kaolin particles are often used in wastewater simulation systems because of their negative charge and similarity to pollutants in wastewater. [ 29 ]…”