The Influence of Heat Treatment Parameters on the Cracks Growth under Cyclic Bending in St-Ti Clad Obtained by Explosive Welding

Rozumek, Dariusz; Kwiatkowski, Grzegorz

doi:10.3390/met9030338

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In these studies, the bond interface Steel/Ti was parallel to a neutral plane of bending, and the interface was located a few millimetres away from the specimen surface where the highest stress was generated, implying that, although the multilayer composite carries the cyclic loading, the bond interface is less deformed and stressed than the specimen surface of the homogenous material. Thus, the cracks preferably initiate on the specimen surface, with subsequent propagation into the material through the bond interface, and that is confirmed by observations reported in [29][30][31]. The crack propagation behaviour into the interface could be modified owing to the mismatch of the material layers properties [32,33].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Despite the detection of traits for the fatigue crack initiation in explosively welded metallic composites, only few studies concerning this problem can be found in the literature. Some of them analysed the effect of the heat treatment on the fatigue life of bimetallic plates subjected to cyclic bending [28][29][30]. In these studies, the bond interface Steel/Ti was parallel to a neutral plane of bending, and the interface was located a few millimetres away from the specimen surface where the highest stress was generated, implying that, although the multilayer composite carries the cyclic loading, the bond interface is less deformed and stressed than the specimen surface of the homogenous material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fatigue failure analysis of three-layer Zr–Ti/Zr–Steel composite plates: an insight into the evolution of cracks initiated at the interfaces

Karolczuk

Carpinteri

Robak

et al. 2020

Archiv.Civ.Mech.Eng

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Initiation and evolution of fatigue cracks at the interfaces in three-layer Zr–Ti/Zr–Steel composites is herein examined by in situ optical microscopy for the first time. Specimens cut out from three composite plates comprising Zr 700, Ti Gr. 1, and P265GH steel layers have been subjected to uniaxial fatigue cyclic loading. It is found that mechanical property mismatch between layers and defects at the interfaces can reduce the fatigue life of composite plates. An insight into the evolution of cracks initiated at the interfaces reveals that (1) most of the cracks grow into adjacent layers along two distinct planes, and (2) these cracks could lead to the fatigue failure of composites. One of these planes coincides with the adiabatic shear band orientation found in Ti Gr. 1 and Zr 700 layers. The interfaces in multilayer metallic composite could have excellent fatigue strength depending on their structural properties.

show abstract

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatigue failure analysis of three-layer Zr–Ti/Zr–Steel composite plates: an insight into the evolution of cracks initiated at the interfaces

Karolczuk

Carpinteri

Robak

et al. 2020

Archiv.Civ.Mech.Eng

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Modern techniques such as explosive cladding and microwave cladding are being used in several manufacturing units. In explosive weld zones, fatigue life varies with temperature of exposure and time of exposure, resulting in grain growth and recrystallization in the sample as well as decarburization occurring at the interface zone [30]. Microwave cladding is one of the most economical and proficient ways of cladding where uniform surface texture and properties can be obtained with uniform heat distribution throughout the clad, with good tribological properties [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural and Wear Properties of Annealed Medium Carbon Steel Plate (EN8) Cladded with Martensitic Stainless Steel (AISI410)

Bhaumik

Mukherjee

Sarkar

et al. 2020

Metals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Limited work on the wear properties of martensitic stainless-steel weld clads initiated this work which included investigations on microstructural and wear properties of cladded AISI 410 (filler wire)/EN 8 plates (substrate). Three layers of martensitic stainless steel (AISI 410) were deposited using metal inert gas (MIG) welding on medium carbon steel (EN 8) achieving a 51.5 ± 2.35 HRC of top layer. The elemental and phase fractions of the cladded layers indicated 98% martensite phase and retained austenite (2%). About 40% dilution was observed between EN 8 and the first weld layer. The results of tests carried out on pin on disc tribometer revealed an enhancement of anti-wear life of the martensitic weld cladded EN 8 by three times that of uncladded EN 8. The uncladded EN 8 plate suffered severe damage and high wear, leading to its failure at 478 s. The failure of the uncladded EN 8 sample was identified by the occurrence of high vibration of the pin on disc tribometer which ultimately stopped the tribometer. On the other hand, the cladded EN 8 sample continued running for 3600 s, exhibiting normal wear. After the tribo test, the surfaces of the pins of both cladded and uncladded EN 8 were analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and 3D profilometer. The surface characterization of tribo pairs indicated ploughing and galling to be the primary wear mechanisms. The average grain size of top and middle layer was in the range of 2–3.5 µm, while the base metal showed 5.02 µm mean grain size, resulting in higher hardness of clad layers than base metal, also favoring better wear resistance of the cladded EN 8 samples as compared to uncladded EN 8 samples.

show abstract

“…Due to their high values of hardness and brittleness, such IMPh formation leads to hot cracking, which promotes intensive destruction of bimetal plate welded joints [1,6]. Even overheating above 500 °C, owing to structural transformations, can have a negative impact on the mechanical properties of steel-titanium plate joints; in particular, it can lower the fatigue life [7]. In addition to crack formation during welding, there is the risk of fatigue crack initiation during further service of steel-titanium joints [8] It is known that titanium can easily interact with iron to form highly brittle intermetallic compounds, due to considerable differences in their physical-mechanical properties [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Features of Intermetallic Formation in the Solid Phase on a Steel–Titanium Bimetal Interface under the Conditions of Arc Welding

Korzhyk

Zhang

Khaskin

et al. 2023

Metals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The object of this study is the formation of intermetallic phases (IMPhs) in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of joints of steel–titanium bimetal plates produced by arc welding. A titanium layer (2 mm) was welded by the plasma method (PAW), a barrier layer of Cusi3Mn1 bronze was deposited on it by the TIG method, the first steel layer was deposited by CMT, and Puls-MAG was used for filling the groove. Here, heating in the solid phase takes place in the HAZ, which may lead to undesirable formation of brittle IMPhs and further welded joint failure. Mathematical modeling was performed and metallurgical features formed during the processes of heating of the HAZ in bimetal steel–titanium plates were studied to identify the risk of IMPh formation. It was found that at a temperature increase from 900 to 1450 °C, a continuous intermetallic layer formed on the steel–titanium interface, which contained FeTi IMPh, and the width of which increased from 1 to 10 μm. In the temperature range 1300…1430 °C, an intermetallic TiFe2-type phase additionally formed from the titanium side. In the temperature range 1430…1450 °C, the TiFe2 phase was replaced by the TiXFe phase, which formed both from the steel side and from the titanium side. This phase consists of intermetallics (73–75% Ti + 27–25% Fe) and (80–85% Ti + 20–15% Fe), and it is close to the Ti2Fe-type phase. The interlayer of intermetallics, formed at temperatures of 900…1300 °C, has a continuous morphology (HV0.01–650…690). At temperatures rising above 1300 °C, the IMPh interlayer became more ramified (HV0.01–590…610) because of the formation of a larger number of pores and microcracks within it. In the temperature range 900…1450 °C, solid-phase diffusion proceeded in the steel–titanium bimetal near the interface of the two metals. A zone of iron diffusion, 5–10 μm to 40–60 μm in width, formed in titanium. In steel, a zone of titanium diffusion 15–20 μm to 120–150 μm in width formed, starting from 1300 °C and higher. It is recommended to perform industrial welding of steel–titanium bimetal in modes, for which the heat input is equal to 200…400 J/mm. Here, during the period 10–12 s, the heating temperature of the HAZ 1.5–3.5 mm in width is equal to 900–1150 °C. It promotes formation of an intermetallic FeTi-type interlayer of up to 1–2 μm width.

show abstract

The Influence of Heat Treatment Parameters on the Cracks Growth under Cyclic Bending in St-Ti Clad Obtained by Explosive Welding

Cited by 13 publications

References 23 publications

Fatigue failure analysis of three-layer Zr–Ti/Zr–Steel composite plates: an insight into the evolution of cracks initiated at the interfaces

Fatigue failure analysis of three-layer Zr–Ti/Zr–Steel composite plates: an insight into the evolution of cracks initiated at the interfaces

Microstructural and Wear Properties of Annealed Medium Carbon Steel Plate (EN8) Cladded with Martensitic Stainless Steel (AISI410)

Features of Intermetallic Formation in the Solid Phase on a Steel–Titanium Bimetal Interface under the Conditions of Arc Welding

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About