The influence of grassing and harvest management on microbial parameters after arable land setting-aside

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Herbaceous cover of luvic chernozem (seven years set aside) with legumes, perennial grasses and their mixture was desiccated by the glyphosate herbicide Roundup Biaktiv (5 l/ha at July 2003 and 4 l/ha at June 2004). 165 soil samples were collected before (November 2002-July 2003 and after desiccation (September 2003-August 2004. Desiccation had a strong positive effect on immobilization of organic carbon from herbaceous cover and underground biomass to microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and to soil organic carbon (C org ), respectively. A significant increase after desiccation (P < 0.01) was confirmed in the parameters: C org , MBC and in the ratio MBC/C org . At the same time the desiccation had a retardation effect on mineralization of C org , N org and S org . A significant decrease after desiccation (P < 0.01) was confirmed in the basal and potential respiration (with nitrogen, with nitrogen and glucose), actual content of N-NH 4 + without and with pre-incubation, control ammonification, and (P < 0.05) in arylsulphatase activity. The actual content of NO 3 -and the control nitrification increased significantly (P < 0.01) after desiccation. Plots management before desiccation included black and spontaneous fallow, mulching (one or two per year) and cutting (three times per year), plots with 4 legumes, 4 grasses and their mixtures. Mulching variants showed the best results both before and after desiccation. The soils with cutting treatment ranked 8 th -10 th out of 11 studied combinations.

“…The spontaneous fallow reached the middle position. Similar results were published by Voříšek et al (2002).…”

Section: Desiccation and Arylsulphatase Activitysupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon (Mbc)mentioning

confidence: 86%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbiological parameters of soil set aside before and after desiccation

Nováková¹,

Voříšek²

2006

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“…Svobodová and Šantrůček (2004), however, did not discover large differences in topsoil under grasslands. But, on the other hand, the best mulching results were reached at chemical (C ox , N t , pH) and microbial (carbon of biomass of micro-organisms, extracellular microbial carbon, respiration, ammonification and nitrification) parameters of grass-covered black soils (Voříšek et al 2002). Current measures, concentrated on protecting water from pollution by nitrates from agricultural sources, are a set of recommendations for farming agricultural soil and are also connected to grants for agricultural practice.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of modified pratotechnics of unmanaged grasslands on the amount of mineral nitrogen in lysimetric waters of the rhizosphere

Fiala¹

2006

In 2001In -2004, the influence of various ways of farming unmanaged grasslands on the mineral nitrogen content in lysimetric waters was monitored. Field trials with 11 variants were performed 420 m above sea level, at depths of 0.2 and 0.4 m, 4-5 times annually. The average amount of N min released per ha per year in lysimetric waters ranged from 0.84 to 5.12 kg. The upper layer to a depth of 0.2 m had a higher content. The conclusive difference, in comparison with properly farmed control, was with the black fallow and in the variant where fallow followed mulching. With the exception of this method of farming the pratotechnics of unmanaged grasslands -mulching did not increase the load of rhisosphere, either by the overall mineral nitrogen, or by the concentration of N-NO 3 -. Even by using fallow for a four-year period, a conclusive increase in the content of N min was not observed.

“…Having used two parameters (microbial biomass nitrogen and extractable organic nitrogen) to evaluate different fertilisation in long-term experiments with maize. Voříšek et al (2002) studied the influence of grassing and harvest management using three respective eight parameters (microbial biomass carbon [C MB ]; ratio C MB /C org ; ratio C E /C MB ; potential respiration with glucose; potential ammonification with peptone; potential nitrification with ammonium sulphate and two model predicted values).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial characteristics, carbon and nitrogen content in cambisols and luvisols

Růžek¹,

Voříšek²,

Strnadová³

et al. 2004

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Tested soils (1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002) were defined by chemical, textural and microbial characteristics. From the tests which describe cambisols, the following parameters have to be stressed. The higher level of C org (1.20-1.76%), which resulted in quite high microbial biomass carbon content (396-625 µg/g dry soil), high control respiration (0.45-0.80 mg CO 2 /h/ 100 g dry soil) and potential nitrification with (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 (6.7-18.4 mg N-NO 3 /8 days/100 g dry soil). Studied luvisols reached typical levels: C org (0.97-1.22%), C MB (398-503 µg/g dry soil), control respiration (0.46-0.57 mg CO 2 /h/100 g dry soil), potential nitrification with (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 (3.2-9.9 mg N-NO 3 /8 days/100 g dry soil). Lower levels of organic carbon and a medium level of microbial biomass raised in higher ratio C MB /C org (average 4.0%). Highly significant differences (p < 0.01) between cambisols and luvisols were determined for C org , N t , pH(KCl), C MB , C MB /C org , C E , control respiration and potential nitrification, while the difference in potential ammonification with peptone was at level p < 0.05. With the exemption of ratio C MB /C org all cambisol characteristics were higher than luvisol ones. Studied soils were evaluated by six biological criteria (C MB ; ratios: C MB /C org , C E /C MB , potential/control respiration, potential/ control ammonification, potential/control nitrification). These criteria distinguished tested soils into three groups. The first one includes two localities in the mountain region (Červená Voda 809, 810; altitude 565-590 m) defined as stagnic cambisols with higher content of C org (1.40, respective 1.76%) and simultaneously with the highest biomass of micro-organisms from all tested soils (C MB , 625, respective 621 µg/g dry soil). It is not surprising that microbial activities (respiration, nitrification) at these localities were also high. The majority of the studied localities (one eutric cambisol and four luvisols) belongs to the medium group. The third group includes two localities (Neumětely -haplic luvisol, Čistá u Rakovníka -eutric cambisol) where biological criteria was mostly the worst. In the period 1993-2002 microbial biomass carbon was for both sites in the range of 357-458 µg/g dry soil which are not so bad values, but in comparison with localities in mountain wet region they are low. This status was issued in the lower ratio C MB /C org (2.71-3.77%).