The Influence of Divalent Cations on the Performance of BaSO4 Scale Inhibitor Species

Boak, Lorraine Scott; Graham, Gordon Michael; Sorbie, Kenneth Stuart

doi:10.2118/50771-ms

Cited by 49 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Collins, 1999;Boak et al, 1999;Xiao et al, 2001;Tomson et al, 2004;Boak et al, 2003;Sobie and Laing, 2004;Fan et al, 2009). Generally, it is confirmed that calcium ions have a positive effect on BHPMP inhibition efficiency, especially at low temperature conditions (<100ºC).…”

Section: Effect Of Ca 2+ On Bhpmp Inhibitor Efficiency At 200ºcmentioning

confidence: 91%

Scale Prediction and Inhibition for Unconventional Oil and Gas Production

et al. 2010

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With the advance of new exploration and production technologies, oil and gas production has gone to deeper and tighter formation than ever before. These developments have also brought challenges in scale prediction and inhibition, such as how to prevent scales at high temperature (150-200ºC), pressure (1,000-1,500 bars) and TDS (>300,000 mg/L) commonly experienced at these depths. This paper will discuss (1) the challenges of scale prediction at high temperature, pressure, and TDS; (2) an efficient method to study the nucleation kinetics of scale formation and inhibition at these conditions; (3) the kinetics of barite crystal nucleation and precipitation in the presence of various scale inhibitors and the effectiveness of those inhibitors. In this study, nine scale inhibitors have been evaluated at 70-200ºC to determine if they can successfully prevent barite precipitation. The results show that only a few inhibitors can effectively inhibit barite formation at 200ºC. Although it is commonly believed that phosphonate scale inhibitors may not work for high temperature inhibition applications, the results from this study suggest barite scale inhibition by phosphonate inhibitors was not impaired at 200°C under strictly anoxic condition and in NaCl brine. However, phosphonate inhibitors can precipitate with Ca 2+ in a brine at high temperatures and, hence, reduce efficiency. In addition, the relationship of scale inhibition to types of inhibitors and temperature are explored in this study.

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Section: Effect Of Ca 2+ On Bhpmp Inhibitor Efficiency At 200ºcmentioning

confidence: 91%

Scale Prediction and Inhibition for Unconventional Oil and Gas Production

et al. 2010

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“…These decisions are based on evaluating the performance of scale inhibitors under various environmental conditions such as temperature, pH, hydrodynamic conditions and brine composition. Although an extensive body of literature is available for bulk precipitation reactions (Amjad, 1994;Boak et al, 1999;Shaw and Sorbie, 2013;Shaw, 2012;Tomson et al, 2005) only limited numbers focus on the evaluation of surface studies on fouling mechanisms and crystal growth at solid interfaces. Studies have shown that the mechanisms and kinetics controlling bulk and surface deposition are different (Chen et al, 2005;Mavredaki, 2009;Morizot and Neville, 2000;Sanni et al, 2015;Setta and Neville, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics study of barium sulphate surface scaling and inhibition with a once-through flow system

Bukuaghangin

Sanni

Kapur

et al. 2016

Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering

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The deposition and subsequent growth of inorganic scale on completion equipment is a major problem within the oil and gas industry. An in-situ flow cell was designed to investigate barium sulphate surface fouling on stainless steel. The set-up allows realtime analysis of the formation of scale as well as following various scaling parameters such as the surface coverage or number and size of crystals growing on the surface. The experimental results were fitted to a diffusion-controlled crystallisation based model. The effect of PolyPhosphinoCarboxylic Acid (PPCA) scale inhibitor on the growth of crystals was studied and showed that the Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) is different for the surface and bulk solution. The results show that the inhibition mechanism was controlled by the mass transport of scale inhibitor molecules to the active sites of the growing crystals.

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“…It is well known that the MIC for barite prevention in a given brine mix increases with SR. It has also been found that the presence of calcium (Ca 2þ ) generally helps phosphonate SIs to inhibit barite, whereas the presence of magnesium (Mg 2þ ) tends to reduce their IE (Graham et al 1997(Graham et al , 2003Boak et al 1999). In this work, we have found that the MIC level of selected phosphonate SIs is controlled mainly by the SR, and these are denoted as Type 1; however, the MIC of other phosphonate SIs is controlled mainly by brine [Ca 2þ ] and [Mg 2þ ] content, and these are denoted as Type 2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We believe that only the Ca_SI complex is active, because both Ca 2þ and the Ca_SI complex are incorporated into the barite lattice, whereas neither Mg 2þ nor Mg_SI are incorporated (Sorbie and Laing 2004;Boak et al 1999;Graham et al 1997Graham et al , 2003; hence, the SI is effectively "poisoned" by the Mg 2þ . The effectiveness of phosphonate SIs, ], and this specific effect is the main focus of this paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Barium Sulfate Saturation Ratio, Calcium, and Magnesium on the Inhibition Efficiency—Part I: Phosphonate Scale Inhibitors

Shaw¹,

Sorbie²,

Boak³

2012

SPE Production &Amp; Operations

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Conventional phosphonate-type scale inhibitors (SIs) are commonly applied for barite-scale prevention in oil fields. The barite forms when the injection water (IW), which is usually sulfate rich, is injected into a barium-containing formation water (FW). The inhibition efficiency (IE) of barite-scale inhibitors is affected by the barium sulfate saturation ratio (SR) of the brine mix and, additionally, by the presence of divalent cations Ca 2þ and Mg 2þ . What is less well known is that the precise balance between these factors (SR and Ca 2þ /Mg 2þ ratio) can vary significantly for different phosphonate species. This paper presents novel IE experimental results for phosphonate-scale inhibitors DETPMP and HMTPMP (penta-phosphonates), OMTHP (hexa-phosphonate), and HMDP (tetra-phosphonate). Minimum-inhibitor-concentration (MIC) levels for each SI are established by testing a wide range of brine IW/FW mixing ratios, which changes (i) barite SR and precipitated mass, (ii) molar ratio of Ca 2þ /Mg 2þ , and (iii) the ionic strength of the brine mix.The phosphonate SIs were categorized into two types on the basis of their MIC-vs.-percent-North Sea-seawater (NSSW) behavior. Type 1 (e.g. DETPMP and OMTHP) are affected principally by SR and are rather less sensitive to Ca 2þ /Mg 2þ ratio although they do show some sensitivity to the latter factor. Type 2 (e.g., HMTPMP and HMDP) are severely affected by brine Ca 2þ /Mg 2þ ratio as well as SR. To demonstrate these effects conclusively, a series of IE experiments is presented with varying [Ca 2þ ] and [Mg 2þ ] (which normally occurs in the field as the IW/FW ratio changes over time) and then similar experiments are repeated at a fixed Ca 2þ /Mg 2þ molar ratio. The MIC level measured for both types of phosphonate SI always correlates very well with the barite SR at fixed Ca 2þ / Mg 2þ molar ratio (fixed case). In addition, we find the MICs of both types of SI are much lower in the fixed-case experiments (higher Ca 2þ /Mg 2þ molar ratio), compared with the base case, because of the beneficial effect of higher [Ca 2þ ]. The effects observed are important for field application of phosphonate SIs because they show how the various species are sensitive to the changing scaling problems as the %NSSW increases, in terms of SR and Ca 2þ /Mg 2þ molar ratio. These results also give some important insights into the mechanism by which different phosphonates actually work in inhibiting barite scale.

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The Influence of Divalent Cations on the Performance of BaSO4 Scale Inhibitor Species

Cited by 49 publications

References 4 publications

Scale Prediction and Inhibition for Unconventional Oil and Gas Production

Scale Prediction and Inhibition for Unconventional Oil and Gas Production

Kinetics study of barium sulphate surface scaling and inhibition with a once-through flow system

The Effects of Barium Sulfate Saturation Ratio, Calcium, and Magnesium on the Inhibition Efficiency—Part I: Phosphonate Scale Inhibitors

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