The Influence of Different Fluoride Compounds and Treatment Conditions on Dental Enamel: A Descriptive in vitro Study of the CaF₂ Precipitation and Microstructure

Abstract

Electron and atomic force microscopy techniques have been applied to characterize both the in vitro deposition intensity and the microstructure of the KOH-soluble fluoride precipitates on human dental enamel. The study was focused on the effects of amine fluoride, sodium fluoride and sodium monofluorophosphate having a fluoride concentration of 0.1% F in acidulated and aqueous solutions. Under certain conditions, fluoride globules were formed within an initiation time of less than 20 s. This result supports the potential significance of this process for the cariostatic action of fluorides during dentifrice use. The deposition intensity seems to be dependent on the availability of Ca and F ions on the dental surface. A nanocrystalline calcium fluoride-like microstructure was revealed, with an additional phosphorus and oxygen incorporation as a function of the treatment time.

Effect of sodium, amine and stannous fluoride at the same concentration and different pH on in vitro erosion

“…Petzold 15 showed that the application of NaF and AmF dissolved in distilled water on enamel for 2 min did not cause any visible precipitation. The earliest formation of scattered globules could be observed after about 60 min.…”

“…5 The efficacy of the acidic amine fluoride solution might be mainly related to the formation of the CaF 2 -like layer, which is formed on enamel surfaces even within a short exposure time of 20 s to 2 min. 15 As the formation of the CaF 2 -layer is enhanced under acidic conditions, 16 acidic fluoride solutions might be generally more effective than neutral solutions. Interestingly, the acidic NaF solutions failed to reduce erosive enamel loss significantly, although Schlueter et al 18 showed that an acidic NaF solution (1% F -, pH: 1.2) was able to reduce mineral loss of eroded enamel.…”

Effect of Titanium Tetrafluoride and Amine Fluoride Treatment Combined with Carbon Dioxide Laser Irradiation on Enamel and Dentin Erosion

“…[21][22][23] This CaF 2 -containing layer acts as a source of free fluoride ions available during the erosive challenge. These are subsequently incorporated into the enamel as hydroxyfluorapatite or fluorapatite, resulting in a decreased susceptibility to further dissolution.…”

The Effect of Salivary Calcium and Fluoride Toothpaste on the Formation of KOH-Soluble Fluoride: In Vitro Study

“…CaF 2 interferes with de-and remineralization processes during acid attacks by elevating fluoride levels through slow dissolution (1)(2)(3). The amount of CaF 2 formed is known to depend on several factors, such as fluoride concentration, the time of exposure, the pH of the solution, phosphate and salivary calcium concentration (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). The availability of calcium ions is an important factor for calcium fluoride formation (7).…”

“…The amount of CaF 2 formed is known to depend on several factors, such as fluoride concentration, the time of exposure, the pH of the solution, phosphate and salivary calcium concentration (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). The availability of calcium ions is an important factor for calcium fluoride formation (7). Larsen and Richards showed that presence of saliva, even in small amounts, is important for the success of topical fluoride treatment, presumably because of its calcium content.…”