The influence of demographic factors, processing speed and short-term memory on Iranian children's pedestrian skills

Tabibi, Zahra; Pfeffer, Karen; Sharif, Jafar Talebian

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2012.01.013

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Observational studies report boys are more likely to run near traffic (Fu & Zou, 2016), to play near traffic (Sullman, Thomas, & Stephens, 2012), and to choose riskier routes across intersections (Barton, Ulrich, & Lyday, 2011; Barton & Schwebel, 2007b). Similarly, in comparing knowledge and behavior, a few studies report that boys have more knowledge about how to engage safely in traffic (Tabibi, Pfeffer, & Sharif, 2012; West, Sammons, & West,1993) but that girls tend to behave more cautiously on the road, perhaps because they have less knowledge about how to act safely (O’Neal, Plumert, McClure, & Schwebel, 2016; Rosenbloom, Haviv, Peleg, & Nemrodov, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in children's pedestrian behaviors: Developmental effects

Wang

Schwebel

Tan

et al. 2018

Journal of Safety Research

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Introduction All child pedestrians are vulnerable to road traffic injuries, but there is evidence that boys may be at greater risk than girls, at least among some age groups. Method To create effective intervention programs, research on how boys and girls of particular ages behave as pedestrians, and whether there are gender differences that increase risk for particular genders at particular ages, is needed. In this study, 255 boys and 235 girls in grade 1 through 6 from two primary schools in Nantong city, China, were unobtrusively videotaped when walking to school in the morning. Videotapes were reviewed and coded for seven pedestrian safety behaviors, including activities related to crossing streets (walking instead of running/hopping, observing traffic, using the crosswalk instead of walking outside the crosswalk, and keeping close to an accompanying adult) and those related to walking alongside busy streets (walking instead of running/hopping on the sidewalk, not playing on the sidewalk, walking alone instead of walking side-by-side with a partner). Results Results revealed that as a whole, boys played on the sidewalk more often than girls (p<0.01) and crossed with an accompanying adult more than girls (p<0.05), while girls walked side-by-side with partners more often than boys (p<0.05). With a few exceptions, boys and girls in the younger grades (1–2) as well as those in the older grades (5–6) behaved fairly similarly as pedestrians, but boys and girls in the middle grades (3–4) presented with several significant gender-based differences. In the middle grades, boys watched traffic more than girls while crossing (p<0.01); ran, hopped and played on the sidewalk more often than girls (p<0.05); and walked side-by-side less often with partners than girls (p<0.05). We also detected different gender-based trends in the development of pedestrian skills. With increasing age, girls performed more safely in pedestrian tasks, but boys did not show a similar developmental trend. Conclusions We conclude that boys and girls exhibit different characteristics in their pedestrian behaviors and discuss implications for prevention.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in children's pedestrian behaviors: Developmental effects

Wang

Schwebel

Tan

et al. 2018

Journal of Safety Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The road traffic accidents fatality rate is 32.2 per 100 thousand people in the eastern Mediterranean region while this is 13.4 per 100 thousand people in Europe and 18.8 per 100 thousand people around the world. According to the world health organization (WHO), the rate of road traffic accidents in Iran is much higher than the rate around the world (10), so that in terms of road and traffic accidents, Iran has been known as one of the countries with the most accidents and associated deaths (11). According to the world health organization, in 2010 the number of estimated deaths caused by traffic accidents in Iran was 25224, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying the Epidemiology of Fatal Traffic Accidents in the Khuzestan Province

Behbahani

Mohammadi

Nazari

et al. 2016

Jundishapur J Health Sci

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Background: Traffic accidents with about 1.24 million deaths and 20 to 50 million cases of injury or disability per year are one of the most important public health challenges around the world. In Iran, traffic accidents, with an annual incidence of 32 cases per 100 thousand people, are considered as the second leading cause of death and the most common cause of injury. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological pattern and mortality rate caused by traffic accidents during year 2012 in the Khuzestan province and its cities. Materials and Methods:In this cross-sectional study, all data related to fatal traffic accident referrals to legal medicine center of Khuzestan province during year 2012 were obtained and analyzed. Road traffic accidents mortality rate during this year was calculated for the province and its cities. The data were analyzed using Stata 11 statistical software. Results: In 2012, one thousand and twenty deaths related to traffic accidents occurred in Khuzestan province. The incidence of deaths due to accidents in Khuzestan province was 22.5 and the standardized age of incidence was 24.3 per 100 thousand people. Regarding gender, 78.24% of the dead individuals were male and 21.76% were female. The most common final causes of death were head trauma (76.27% cases) and bleeding (12.55% cases). The most deceased people were drivers (42.55%), passengers (34.90%), and pedestrians (21.27%). The highest traffic accidents mortality rate in Khuzestan province was observed in Hoveizeh (55.43 per one hundred thousand), Omidiye (55.30 per one hundred thousand) and Ramhormuz (53.12 per one hundred thousand), and the lowest incidence rates belonged to Lali (5.35 per one hundred thousand) and Shadegan (9.78 per one hundred thousand). Conclusions: This study showed that drivers, passengers and pedestrians were the most vulnerable road users. Regarding the fact that most of them were illiterate or had primary education and were self-employed or laborers, it seems essential to develop plans not only to train the road users but also to evaluate the safety of vehicles and roads and post-accident care programs, and consequently, implement special programs fully and strictly in order to reduce traffic fatalities.

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“…Future research should study the effect of different intervention and rehabilitation programs. These programs would include the effect of physical activity, special diets and breast feeding on memory skills [ 65 , 66 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory and potential correlates among children in Jordan

et al. 2018

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BackgroundCognitive functioning hugely affects the performance of tasks of different complexity. Memory, one of the most important cognitive skills, allows children to practice and acquire necessary skills and knowledge and interact with the surrounding environment. Therefore, it is crucial to study the factors that influence the memory of children. The main purpose of his study was to investigate different variables related to memory in school aged children (5–9 years, N = 434).MethodsParents of the participants provided information about child’s daily behavior, child’s school academic achievement, work and family income data and demographics. Memory skills in children were assessed by using the Leiter International Performance Scale -Revised.ResultsThe score of memory increased 2.53 points with upsurge in maternal occupation level, 3.08 points when the child ate breakfast and 4.51 points when the child daily slept nine hours and more. By contrast, increased family income and smoking by father resulted in decreased scores in memory.ConclusionScreening for and understanding of memory and relevant factors are vital for broad understanding of children’s capabilities and weaknesses as well as for developing appropriate interventions.

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The influence of demographic factors, processing speed and short-term memory on Iranian children's pedestrian skills

Cited by 27 publications

References 28 publications

Gender differences in children's pedestrian behaviors: Developmental effects

Gender differences in children's pedestrian behaviors: Developmental effects

Studying the Epidemiology of Fatal Traffic Accidents in the Khuzestan Province

Memory and potential correlates among children in Jordan

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