The Influence of Crystal Size Distributions on the Rheology of Magmas: New Insights From Analog Experiments

Klein, Johannes; Mueller, Sebastian; Castro, Jonathan M.

doi:10.1002/2017gc007114

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 91 publications

(200 reference statements)

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“…We demonstrate that even a small concentration enhancement of few hundreds of ppms of halogens in a melt of otherwise fixed H 2 O-content can affect the stability of Ca-Fe-Mg mineral phases. As crystalcontent is one of the most influential physical factors governing magma rheology (e.g., Maron and Pierce 1956;Mueller et al 2010;Klein et al 2017), our results have implications for how magmas evolve physically and chemically during their ascent in the conduit and whether they erupt explosively or effusively. This is the peer-reviewed, final accepted version for American Mineralogist, published by the Mineralogical Society of America.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

The effect of halogens (F, Cl) on the near-liquidus crystallinity of a hydrous trachyte melt

Feisel

Castro

Helo

et al. 2022

American Mineralogist

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The effect of F and Cl on the liquidus temperature of a hydrous (~3.5–4 wt% H2O) trachytic melt (~66 wt% SiO2) at 925 to 990 °C and at 100 MPa has been experimentally investigated. We employed a novel disequilibrium approach involving diffusion couple experiments with the two-diffusion couple end-members differing solely in halogen concentrations. A shift of the liquidus temperature by ~50 °C was observed between a halogen-poor and halogen-enriched melt. Each experiment spanned the entire range of F and Cl concentrations between the two end-member compositions. We determined the halogen concentrations at the transition from crystal-bearing to crystal-free melt. These concentrations correspond to the liquidus halogen concentrations of the melt at each experimental temperature. We demonstrate that there is a limiting halogen concentration (~0.19–0.52 wt% F; ~0.07–0.24 wt% Cl), below which the melt crystallizes spherulitic clinopyroxene during heating to the run temperature. At high temperatures, upon diffusion of F and Cl into the halogen-poor melt, those crystals dissolve, leaving behind a dissolution front parallel to the diffusion interface. We propose that the dissolution is a consequence of F and Cl complexing with some of the main cationic components of clinopyroxene (Mg, Fe, Ca), thereby destabilizing this phase. Thus, the experimental dissolution of clinopyroxene is a manifestation of a liquidus depression caused by increased halogen content. Our results show that the liquidus shifts at a rate of ~1575(379) K/mol% of F and Cl in the melt, which is a minimum estimate, assuming both halogens equally drive dissolution. This liquidus depression is valid for a range of halogen concentrations (~0.06–0.87 wt% F; ~0.06–0.36 wt% Cl) and the experimental temperatures. Our findings illustrate that the degassing of halogens during or prior to an eruption can enhance crystallization in the melt and therefore influence magma physical properties that may ultimately affect eruption style.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

The effect of halogens (F, Cl) on the near-liquidus crystallinity of a hydrous trachyte melt

Feisel

Castro

Helo

et al. 2022

American Mineralogist

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“…A step forward with respect to Costa et al . 1 has been provided for the effects of the particle shape on relative viscosity by several authors 5 , 13 , 26 , 34 . They tried to quantify the control of particle aspect ratio on the rheological behaviour of magmas.…”

Section: Background and Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive database of crystal-bearing magmas for the calibration of a rheological model

et al. 2022

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In this work, we present a comprehensive rheological database including most of the existing data relevant for crystal-bearing magmas collected from the scientific literature, covering the entire range of natural volcanic conditions, in terms of crystal content (1–80%), crystal shape (aspect ratio R from 1 to 13), and strain rate (between 10−7 and 102 s−1). Datasets were collected and discerned as a function of the information which we considered necessary for building a general systematic model describing relative viscosity of crystal-bearing magmas, such as the apparent and melt viscosity, the crystal concentration, crystal shape, and the strain rate. The selected dataset was then used for modelling the relative viscosity of a liquid-solid mixture having different concentrations of particles with different R, subjected to different strain rates. The proposed model allows us to quantitatively describe the rheological behaviour of crystal-bearing magmatic systems.

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“…The distribution of the shape and size of crystals can draw the relative viscosity value of magma [5][6][7]. The viscosity of magma depends largely on the number of crystals and their crystal [8,9]. The more crystals, the viscosity increases and the greater the aspect ratio or the flattened the crystal, the viscosity will decrease because the shape indicates high magma mobility [5,7].…”

Section: Magma Viscosity Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Crystal Fraction to Relative Magma Viscosity: An Approach to Understand the Explosive Caldera-Forming Volcanism of Raung Volcano

Sauqi

Abdurrachman

Kurniawan

2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Explosive volcanism is one of the deadliest volcanic hazards. The characteristics of the magma chamber that cause explosive eruptions need to be studied more deeply. Raung Volcano in East Java is an example of volcano that has a history of explosive eruptions that marked by a 2 km wide caldera. Petrographic analysis was carried out on selected 4 basaltic lava samples to determine the composition and proportion of minerals. Then, an analysis of the viscosity of the magma was carried out in relative terms using the shape and size configuration of the crystals. The comparison between the percentage of crystals and the relative viscosity value shows a positive correlation which indicates that there is an effect of the number of crystals on the viscosity of the magma. The increase in the viscosity of magma that occurred in the pre-caldera lava eruption of Raung Volcano indicates an intensive crystallization. This is supported by petrographic data which shows a porphyritic texture with a phenocryst of more than 40%. Plagioclase crystals become quite dominant crystals (> 30%). Based on this, it can be interpreted that the crystallization process occurred intensively in the shallow magma pocket of Raung Volcano.

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The Influence of Crystal Size Distributions on the Rheology of Magmas: New Insights From Analog Experiments

Cited by 16 publications

References 91 publications

The effect of halogens (F, Cl) on the near-liquidus crystallinity of a hydrous trachyte melt

The effect of halogens (F, Cl) on the near-liquidus crystallinity of a hydrous trachyte melt

A comprehensive database of crystal-bearing magmas for the calibration of a rheological model

The Role of Crystal Fraction to Relative Magma Viscosity: An Approach to Understand the Explosive Caldera-Forming Volcanism of Raung Volcano

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