The Influence of Cork and Manufacturing Parameters on the Properties of Cork–Rubber Composites for Vibration Isolation Applications

Lopes, Helena; Silva, Susana P.; Carvalho, João Paulo; Machado, José

doi:10.3390/su132011240

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…p values were used to show a statistically significant difference between means. p ≤ 0.05 denotes statistical significance at the 95% confidence level 45–47 . Data with p ≤ 0.05 has been tabulated in Table 6.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding the role of ZnO as activator in SBR vulcanizates: Performance evaluation with active, nano, and functionalized ZnO

Sreethu

Das

Parathodika

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This study investigates (ZnO)s with different surface features as vulcanization activators in unfilled SBR vulcanizates. ZnO is termed the best activator due to its fast reaction kinetics. A high release of ZnO into the environment harms marine ecosystems, and most ZnO production goes to the rubber sector; therefore, reducing ZnO amount is essential. Active, nano and functionalized ZnO compared to conventional ZnO in SBR matrix; concentration optimized based on curing, mechanical, physical, and dispersion analyses. The Arrhenius equation approximated the cure curve's kinetic constant and activation energy. Crosslink density measured by swelling experiment and solvent freezing point depression. Nano ZnO was used from 0.5 to 2phr, active ZnO from 1 to 4phr, and functionalized ZnO from 1 to 3phr compared to 5phr of conventional ZnO. The tensile strength of N1.5, F1.5, and A2 SBR increased by 5%, 26%, and 18% compared to C5SBR, whose elongation at break improved by 30%, 7%, and 23%. The data were analyzed using tukey HSD post hoc test. Regarding mechanical properties and curing characteristics, 2phr active, functionalized, and 1.5phr nano ZnO is analogous to 5phr conventional ZnO in an unfilled SBR matrix. The quantity of ZnO in rubber vulcanizates decreased successively by 60%, 60%, and 70%.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…p ≤ 0.05 denotes statistical significance at the 95% confidence level. [45][46][47] Data with p ≤ 0.05 has been tabulated in Table 6.…”

Section: Statistical Analyisis Of Mechanical Properties Hardness and ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the role of ZnO as activator in SBR vulcanizates: Performance evaluation with active, nano, and functionalized ZnO

Sreethu

Das

Parathodika

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…But to allow the use of cork in a particular type of applications, this material has to be enriched to accomplish the task successfully. Previous studies on this subject include a review on cork composites [12] and references studying cork composites for specific applications, namely the influence of polyurethane (U030) as a cork grain adhesive on the thermal insulation properties, flexibility, and mechanical properties of the RC16 cork [13], corkrubber composites' dynamic behavior, namely in vibration isolation applications [14][15][16][17], a natural cork/potato periderm for use in elastomer composites for energy absorption [18], and other cork-based composites, seeking to understand their ability to store electrical charge [19], to mention a few. However, when cork is exposed to sunlight, it suffers from rapid ageing and discoloration due to the influence of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safeguarding Cork’s Beauty and Longevity: Innovations in Deposition of Protective Thin Films

Tiss,

Martínez-Martínez,

Mansilla

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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Cork is a sustainable natural material widely used as a wine stopper. However, some other uses, such as wall coverings, flooring, bags and shoes, face UV damage. To mitigate this issue, we explored the deposition of TiO2 and ZnO thin films via magnetron sputtering on glass and cork substrates. Both films displayed uniformity and the lack of any discernible cracks or voids, remained transparent in the visible region, and offered UV protection. Thus, TiO2 and ZnO blocked UV light with a wavelength of up to 310 nm (Eg = 4 eV) and 370 nm (Eg = 3.3 eV), respectively. Exposure tests, under a sun simulator lamp, revealed that the uncoated cork showed noticeable color changes, even when located under a glass substrate. The TiO2 coating did not prevent cork discoloration, while ZnO prevented it. This study highlights ZnO thin films as a durable solution to safeguard cork materials from UV damage and extend their usability.

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“…Other possibilities include use as pollutant adsorbents and fillers for composite materials such as mortar, concrete, rubber, thermoplastics, coatings, etc. [5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation and Characterization of a Composite Coating Formulation Based on Acrylic Foam and Cork Granules

Monteiro¹,

Ferreira²,

Paiva

et al. 2022

Coatings

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Cork, the bark of Quercus suber L., in addition to presenting several notable physical-mechanical properties, possesses a distinctive look and feel that make it attractive for interior surfaces, such as in furniture, wall paneling, or flooring. This work envisaged the development of a coating based on cork granules, a subproduct from the wine stopper industry, capable of creating a smooth surface similar to natural cork. In order to avoid the high rugosity that characterizes surfaces coated with paints that incorporate cork granules, a new solution was developed, based on a foamed acrylic binder, applied by knife coating. The foam formulation was successfully optimized, using appropriate additives and resorting to mechanical agitation to promote the generation of air bubbles. The addition of cork granules did not hinder foam stability, and the final coating displayed the intended visual and sensory characteristics. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis was performed on the pristine acrylic foam and on the composite foam showed a stiffening effect associated with the presence of cork granules, and a thermal transition centered at around −10 °C, associated with the acrylic binder’s glass transition. The surface has hardness slightly lower than cork, depending on the amount of particles incorporated. Pull-off testing consistently resulted in substrate failure, indicating that the coating’s cohesion and adhesion are excellent. The developed coating showed to have the intended functionality while being easily applicable on flat panel surfaces. The fact that a foam is used as a binder system allows for a smooth and soft surface, having excellent opacity with minimal usage of cork.

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The Influence of Cork and Manufacturing Parameters on the Properties of Cork–Rubber Composites for Vibration Isolation Applications

Cited by 5 publications

References 45 publications

Understanding the role of ZnO as activator in SBR vulcanizates: Performance evaluation with active, nano, and functionalized ZnO

Understanding the role of ZnO as activator in SBR vulcanizates: Performance evaluation with active, nano, and functionalized ZnO

Safeguarding Cork’s Beauty and Longevity: Innovations in Deposition of Protective Thin Films

Formulation and Characterization of a Composite Coating Formulation Based on Acrylic Foam and Cork Granules

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