The Influence of Competition on Children's Social Categories

Rhodes, Marjorie; Brickman, Daniel

doi:10.1080/15248372.2010.535230

Cited by 73 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Nevertheless, in the context of intergroup conflict, people often excuse and even endorse deliberately harming members of the other group. Even preschool children say that it is more OK to hurt another person, if that person is from another group [49]. Neuroimaging studies are beginning to identify a complex network of brain regions involved in moral judgements: for example, brain regions involved in calculating costs and benefits of actions involving moral tradeoffs, in reasoning about the intentions of the perpetrators, and in reacting emotionally to negative outcomes [25,[50][51][52][53].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social cognition in members of conflict groups: behavioural and neural responses in Arabs, Israelis and South Americans to each other's misfortunes

Bruneau

Dufour

Saxe

2012

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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In contexts of cultural conflict, people delegitimize the other group's perspective and lose compassion for the other group's suffering. These psychological biases have been empirically characterized in intergroup settings, but rarely in groups involved in active conflict. Similarly, the basic brain networks involved in recognizing others' narratives and misfortunes have been identified, but how these brain networks are modulated by intergroup conflict is largely untested. In the present study, we examined behavioural and neural responses in Arab, Israeli and South American participants while they considered the pain and suffering of individuals from each group. Arabs and Israelis reported feeling significantly less compassion for each other's pain and suffering (the 'conflict outgroup'), but did not show an ingroup bias relative to South Americans (the 'distant outgroup'). In contrast, the brain regions that respond to others' tragedies showed an ingroup bias relative to the distant outgroup but not the conflict outgroup, particularly for descriptions of emotional suffering. Over all, neural responses to conflict group members were qualitatively different from neural responses to distant group members. This is the first neuroimaging study to examine brain responses to others' suffering across both distant and conflict groups, and provides a first step towards building a foundation for the biological basis of conflict.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social cognition in members of conflict groups: behavioural and neural responses in Arabs, Israelis and South Americans to each other's misfortunes

Bruneau

Dufour

Saxe

2012

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…Children treat gender as a natural kind [48], but they do not view novel groups [49–50] or race [51], as marking fundamental similarities between category members. On the other hand, children of the same age do use novel groups and race for predicting patterns of social interaction [46, 51].…”

Section: Social Categorization In Childhoodmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Origins of Social Categorization

Liberman

Woodward

Kinzler

2017

Trends in Cognitive Sciences

214

156

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Forming conceptually rich social categories helps people navigate the complex social world by allowing them to reason about others’ likely thoughts, beliefs, actions, and interactions as guided by group membership. Yet, social categorization often has nefarious consequences. We suggest that the foundation of the human ability to form useful social categories is in place in infancy: social categories guide infants’ inferences about peoples’ shared characteristics and social relationships. We also suggest that the ability to form abstract social categories may be separable from the eventual negative downstream consequences of social categorization, including prejudice, discrimination and stereotyping. Whereas a tendency to form inductively rich social categories appears early in ontogeny, prejudice based on each particular category dimension may not be inevitable.

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“…From the age of five, children view outgroup directed prosocial behavior as less acceptable and outgroup directed antisocial behavior as more acceptable in competitive contexts (Rhodes & Brickman, 2011). Children also show ingroup bias in their resource allocations when competition is primed (Spielman, 2000).…”

Section: Outgroup Prosociality In Competitive Contextsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children's prosocial behavioural intentions towards outgroup members

Abrams

Vyver

Pelletier

et al. 2015

British J of Dev Psycho

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The Influence of Competition on Children's Social Categories

Cited by 73 publications

References 37 publications

Social cognition in members of conflict groups: behavioural and neural responses in Arabs, Israelis and South Americans to each other's misfortunes

Social cognition in members of conflict groups: behavioural and neural responses in Arabs, Israelis and South Americans to each other's misfortunes

The Origins of Social Categorization

Children's prosocial behavioural intentions towards outgroup members

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