The influence of circadian rhythms on peak isokinetic force of quadriceps and hamstring muscles

Sinclair, Jonathan Kenneth; Wright, Judith; Hurst, Howard Thomas; Taylor, Paul J.; Atkins, Stephen

doi:10.3233/ies-130498

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…Although the present study was not designed to determine how or why sleep quantity affects performance, it is likely that diurnal variation in hormonal levels played a role ( 23 , 26 , 29 ). For example, cortisol levels are elevated upon waking up ( 22 ), and decrements in performance have been correlated with levels of salivary cortisol in the morning ( 24 ). Consistent with altered stress levels, we report that morning practice was related to less sleep quantity (Table 1 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although time of day is often taken into consideration when sport-specific training is performed, strength and conditioning sessions are oftentimes conducted throughout the day. Muscular strength and outcome variables associated with strength may also be affected by time of day as isolated knee torque exercises ( 8 , 24 , 29 ) and dynamic sport performance tests ( 5 , 20 , 27 , 28 ) have also been reported to be greater in the afternoon compared with the morning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparing Performance During Morning vs. Afternoon Training Sessions in Intercollegiate Basketball Players

Heishman

Curtis

Saliba

et al. 2017

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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Heishman, AD, Curtis, MA, Saliba, EN, Hornett, RJ, Malin, SK, and Weltman, AL. Comparing performance during morning vs. afternoon training sessions in intercollegiate basketball players. J Strength Cond Res 31(6): 1557-1562, 2017-Time of day is a key factor that influences the optimization of athletic performance. Intercollegiate coaches oftentimes hold early morning strength training sessions for a variety of factors including convenience. However, few studies have specifically investigated the effect of early morning vs. late afternoon strength training on performance indices of fatigue. This is athletically important because circadian and/or ultradian rhythms and alterations in sleep patterns can affect training ability. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of morning vs. afternoon strength training on an acute performance index of fatigue (countermovement jump height, CMJ), player readiness (Omegawave), and self-reported sleep quantity. We hypothesized that afternoon training sessions would be associated with increased levels of performance, readiness, and self-reported sleep. A retrospective analysis was performed on data collected over the course of the preseason on 10 elite National Collegiate Athletic Association Division 1 male basketball players. All basketball-related activities were performed in the afternoon with strength and conditioning activities performed either in the morning or in the afternoon. The average values for CMJ, power output (Power), self-reported sleep quantity (sleep), and player readiness were examined. When player load and duration were matched, CMJ (58.8 6 1.3 vs. 61.9 6 1.6 cm, p = 0.009), Power (6,378.0 6 131.2 vs. 6,622.1 6 172.0 W, p = 0.009), and selfreported sleep duration (6.6 6 0.4 vs. 7.4 6 0.25 p = 0.016) were significantly higher with afternoon strength and conditioning training, with no differences observed in player readiness values. We conclude that performance is suppressed with morning training and is associated with a decrease in self-reported quantity of sleep.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Performance During Morning vs. Afternoon Training Sessions in Intercollegiate Basketball Players

Heishman

Curtis

Saliba

et al. 2017

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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“…Two other studies (Sinclair et al, 2013;Anderson et al, 2016) showed an increase and decrease. One study (Sinclair et al, 2013) showed an increase in cortisol levels in men and a decrease in women. One study (Anderson et al, 2016) showed an acute increase in salivary cortisol levels after the first intervention and a chronic increase after 12 weeks.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Two studies showed a decrease in cortisol levels (Genner & Weston, 2014;Weakley et al, 2017). Two other studies (Sinclair et al, 2013;Anderson et al, 2016) showed an increase and decrease. One study (Sinclair et al, 2013) showed an increase in cortisol levels in men and a decrease in women.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The total number of participants was 147 physically trained individuals (135 men and 12 women), with an average age of 23.26 ± 3.10 years, body mass of 85.53 ± 12.68 kg, and height of 1.80 ± 0.04 m. Table 3 shows the methods and the main outcomes of the studies included in this review. Of the eight studies, seven used the maximum repetition test (RM) (Anderson et al, 2016;Bartolomei et al, 2014;Gaviglio et al, 2015;Geisler et al, 2019;Genner & Weston, 2014;Weakley et al, 2017) and one used the isokinetic device (Sinclair et al, 2013). Two studies showed a decrease in cortisol levels (Genner & Weston, 2014;Weakley et al, 2017).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of high-intense resistance training on salivary cortisol in trained individuals: a systematic review (Efectos del entrenamiento de resistencia de alta intensidad sobre el cortisol salival en individuos entrenados: una revisión sistemática)

Aguiar¹,

Casimiro-Lopes²,

Castro³

et al. 2021

Retos

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This study aimed to evaluate the effects of high-intensity training (HIT) on salivary cortisol levels in physically trained individuals. This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. The search for scientific articles was carried out on the Scopus and MEDLINE (via PubMed) databases with the terms resistance training, saliva, cortisol, and their synonyms. We included interventions with high-intense resistance training that analyzed the salivary cortisol levels in physically trained men and women. From the 399 articles found, eight studies met the inclusion criteria. A population of 135 physically trained men and 12 women is with an average age of 23.26 ± 3.10 years, body mass of 85.53 ± 12.68 kg, and height of 1.80 ± 0.04 m. The intervention period ranged from 3 to 15 weeks with the use of 1 to 5 sets of 5 to 10 repetitions. Most protocols have been shown to provide significant stimuli to increase the level of cortisol acutely (p<0.05). The practice of HIT seems to be an effective intervention to stimulate the increase in acute and chronic salivary cortisol levels and thus induce possible changes in physiological and hormonal levels. Moreover, cortisol seems to represent physical activity in some populations and may be useful in monitoring physiology in large-scale observational physical activity surveys. However, more research is needed to elucidate the effects of HIT on cortisol and adaptive results. Resumen. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los efectos del entrenamiento de alta intensidad sobre los niveles de cortisol salival en individuos entrenados físicamente. Esta revisión sistemática siguió las recomendaciones de PRISMA. La búsqueda de artículos científicos se realizó en las bases Scopus y MEDLINE (vía PubMed) con los términos entrenamiento de resistencia, saliva, cortisol y sus sinónimos. Se incluyeron intervenciones con entrenamiento de resistencia de alta intensidad que analizaron los niveles de cortisol salival en hombres y mujeres entrenados físicamente. De los 399 artículos encontrados, ocho estudios cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Una población de 135 hombres entrenados físicamente y 12 mujeres tiene una edad de 23,26±3,10 años, masa corporal de 85,53±12,68 kg y altura de 1,80±0,04 m. El período de intervención varió de 3 a 15 semanas con el uso de 1 a 5 series de 5 a 10 repeticiones. Se ha demostrado que la mayoría de los protocolos proporcionan estímulos significativos para aumentar el nivel de cortisol de forma aguda (p<0,05). La práctica de entrenamiento de alta intensidad parece ser una intervención eficaz para estimular el aumento de los niveles de cortisol salival agudo y crónico y así inducir posibles cambios en los niveles fisiológicos y hormonales. Además, el cortisol parece representar la actividad física en algunas poblaciones y puede ser útil para monitorear la fisiología en encuestas observacionales de actividad física a gran escala. Sin embargo, se necesita más investigación para dilucidar los efectos de entrenamiento de alta intensidad sobre el cortisol y los resultados adaptativos.

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Diurnal and day-to-day variations in isometric and isokinetic strength

Knaier

Infanger

Cajochen

et al. 2019

Chronobiology International

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The influence of circadian rhythms on peak isokinetic force of quadriceps and hamstring muscles

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Comparing Performance During Morning vs. Afternoon Training Sessions in Intercollegiate Basketball Players

Comparing Performance During Morning vs. Afternoon Training Sessions in Intercollegiate Basketball Players

Effects of high-intense resistance training on salivary cortisol in trained individuals: a systematic review (Efectos del entrenamiento de resistencia de alta intensidad sobre el cortisol salival en individuos entrenados: una revisión sistemática)

Diurnal and day-to-day variations in isometric and isokinetic strength

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