The Influence of Causal Explanations and Diagnostic Labeling on Medical Studentsʼ Views of Schizophrenia

Magliano, Lorenza; Read, John; Rega, Sonia; Oliviero, Nicoletta; Sagliocchi, Alessandra; Patalano, Melania; D’Ambrosio, Antonio

doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e318226708e

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…It might be also possible that this could represent the different settings in which these psychiatrists were trained [35,36]. Younger psychiatrists have had greater access to the biological basis of mental disorders, a type of knowledge that usually increases the risk of nurturing stigma [37-40]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stigma toward schizophrenia: do all psychiatrists behave the same? Latent profile analysis of a national sample of psychiatrists in Brazil

et al. 2013

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BackgroundAn important issue concerning the worldwide fight against stigma is the evaluation of psychiatrists’ beliefs and attitudes toward schizophrenia and mental illness in general. However, there is as yet no consensus on this matter in the literature, and results vary according to the stigma dimension assessed and to the cultural background of the sample. The aim of this investigation was to search for profiles of stigmatizing beliefs related to schizophrenia in a national sample of psychiatrists in Brazil.MethodsA sample of 1414 psychiatrists were recruited from among those attending the 2009 Brazilian Congress of Psychiatry. A questionnaire was applied in face-to-face interviews. The questionnaire addressed four stigma dimensions, all in reference to individuals with schizophrenia: stereotypes, restrictions, perceived prejudice and social distance. Stigma item scores were included in latent profile analyses; the resulting profiles were entered into multinomial logistic regression models with sociodemographics, in order to identify significant correlates.ResultsThree profiles were identified. The “no stigma” subjects (n = 337) characterized individuals with schizophrenia in a positive light, disagreed with restrictions, and displayed a low level of social distance. The “unobtrusive stigma” subjects (n = 471) were significantly younger and displayed the lowest level of social distance, although most of them agreed with involuntary admission and demonstrated a high level of perceived prejudice. The “great stigma” subjects (n = 606) negatively stereotyped individuals with schizophrenia, agreed with restrictions and scored the highest on the perceived prejudice and social distance dimensions. In comparison with the first two profiles, this last profile comprised a significantly larger number of individuals who were in frequent contact with a family member suffering from a psychiatric disorder, as well as comprising more individuals who had no such family member.ConclusionsOur study not only provides additional data related to an under-researched area but also reveals that psychiatrists are a heterogeneous group regarding stigma toward schizophrenia. The presence of different stigma profiles should be evaluated in further studies; this could enable anti-stigma initiatives to be specifically designed to effectively target the stigmatizing group.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stigma toward schizophrenia: do all psychiatrists behave the same? Latent profile analysis of a national sample of psychiatrists in Brazil

et al. 2013

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“…The study was carried out during the period April-June 2010 on 194 medical students attending the last two years (5th and 6th) of their training course at the Second University of Naples and was supported by all the professors involved in lessons in the reference period. Attitudes were assessed by using a validated questionnaire (Magliano et al, 2011;Magliano et al, 2012).…”

Section: Box 4 Stigma Across Medical Professionalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Health Analysis Profiles (MhAPs): Italy

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2014

OECD Health Working Papers

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This series is designed to make available to a wider readership selected health studies prepared for use within the OECD. Authorship is usually collective, but principal writers are named. The papers are generally available only in their original language-English or French-with a summary in the other. OECD Working Papers should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its member countries. The opinions expressed and arguments employed are those of the author(s). Working Papers describe preliminary results or research in progress by the author(s) and are published to stimulate discussion on a broad range of issues on which the OECD works. Comments on Working Papers are welcomed, and may be sent to the Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs OECD,

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“…Los datos disponibles sobre las opiniones de los estudiantes de medicina con respecto a las enfermedades mentales ponen de manifiesto que comparten con el personal sanitario diversos prejuicios acerca de los pacientes con esquizofrenia y cómo la adhesión a un modelo biogenético y el uso de una etiqueta diagnóstica se asocian también a un aumento de la distancia social hacia estos usuarios (Magliano et al, en prensa;. Los estudios muestran que los estudiantes de medicina consideran peligrosas a las personas con esquizofrenia en un porcentaje que va desde el 26% al 78%, impredecibles en un porcentaje entre el 71% y el 85% y afectados por una enfermedad incurable entre un 4% y un 21% (Ogunsemiet al, 2008;Arvaniti et al, 2009;Fernando et al, 2010;Magliano et al, 2011;Economou et al, 2012).…”

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“…Este primer estudio puso tambiénde relieve que la atribución de la etiqueta diagnóstica de esquizofrenia a un caso clínico y la identificación de la herencia entre sus causas, se asociaban con un mayor pesimismo de los estudiantes sobre la posibilidad de recuperacióny a una mayor distancia social hacia las personas con este diagnóstico. Además, la atribución de la esquizofrenia a causas hereditarias se asociaba a una percepción más arraigada de la imprevisibilidad atribuida a los "esquizofrénicos" (Magliano et al, 2011).…”

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Contrarrestar el estigma hacia las personas con esquizofrenia en el ámbito sanitario: una experiencia piloto en una muestra de estudiantes italianos de medicina

Magliano¹,

Read²,

Patalano³

et al. 2017

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Resumen: El artículo parte de la preocupación por los efectos negativos, constatados en múltiples publicaciones internacionales, que el estigma tiene sobre la calidad de la atención que reciben las personas con esquizofrenia en el ámbito de los servicios sanitarios y en relación con su salud física, frecuentemente deteriorada. Como consecuencia del desconocimiento sobre las causas y características de esta enfermedad y las ideas erróneas que muchos profesionales comparten con la población general sobre la peligrosidad e incurabilidad de las personas afectadas por este trastorno, son habitualmente objeto de falta de respeto y mala atención en los servicios sanitarios generales. Un momento importante para mejorar la información y corregir las ideas erróneas es el periodo de formación de los profesionales y a ese respecto se presentan los primeros resultados de una experiencia piloto, desarrollada entre estudiantes de Medicina de una Universidad italiana, consistente en la inclusión de un curso breve sobre el estigma y la esquizofrenia. Aunque los resultados deben ser confirmados por otros estudios, permiten constatar los evidentes cambios positivos que se producen en el conocimiento y las actitudes de los estudiantes con una breve intervención educativa, asociada a la participación de usuarios, confirmando también otros estudios internacionales. To counteract stigma towards people with schizophrenia in the health sector: a pilot experience in a sample of Italian students of medicine Abstract: The article is based of the concern about the negative effects, found in many international publications, that stigma has on the quality of care that people with schizophrenia receive in the field of health services, in connection with their physical health, often deteriorated. As a result of the lack of knowledge about the causes and characteristics of this disease and the misconceptions that many professionals share with the general population about the dangerousness and lack of recovery of the people affected by this disorder, they are usually subject of lack of respect and poor care into general health services.Very important to improve the information and correct erroneous attitudes is the period of training of professionals and in this regard are presented the first results of a pilot project, developed between students of Medicine of an Italian University, consisting in a brief course on stigma and schizophrenia. Although the results must be confirmed by other studies, they noted the evident positive changes occurring in the knowledge and attitudes of students with a brief educational intervention, associated with the participation of users, also confirming other international studies.

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The Influence of Causal Explanations and Diagnostic Labeling on Medical Studentsʼ Views of Schizophrenia

Abstract: These findings confirm that, in a sample of medical students, biogenetic causal explanations and diagnostic labeling have negative effects on beliefs about schizophrenia. They highlight the need to educate medical students about recovery from and stigma related to schizophrenia.

Cited by 26 publications

References 43 publications

Stigma toward schizophrenia: do all psychiatrists behave the same? Latent profile analysis of a national sample of psychiatrists in Brazil

Stigma toward schizophrenia: do all psychiatrists behave the same? Latent profile analysis of a national sample of psychiatrists in Brazil

Mental Health Analysis Profiles (MhAPs): Italy

Contrarrestar el estigma hacia las personas con esquizofrenia en el ámbito sanitario: una experiencia piloto en una muestra de estudiantes italianos de medicina

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