The influence of body weight on open field and swimming maze performance during the post-weaning period in the rat

Barrow, Paul; Leconte, Isabelle

doi:10.1258/002367796780744901

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The ease and flexibility of the maze in the novel object recognition test allows for testing of short-or long-term memory, and can be used to selectively analyze the effects of acute drug treatment on a specific stage of memory formation. In conclusion, the OFM is an apical test of performance 26 . The anxiety-related behaviors measured are the cumulation of several behavioral underlying processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Use of the Open Field Maze to Measure Locomotor and Anxiety-like Behavior in Mice

Seibenhener

Wooten

2015

JoVE

896

658

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Animal models have proven to be invaluable to researchers trying to answer questions regarding the mechanisms of behavior. The Open Field Maze is one of the most commonly used platforms to measure behaviors in animal models. It is a fast and relatively easy test that provides a variety of behavioral information ranging from general ambulatory ability to data regarding the emotionality of the subject animal. As it relates to rodent models, the procedure allows the study of different strains of mice or rats both laboratory bred and wild-captured. The technique also readily lends itself to the investigation of different pharmacological compounds for anxiolytic or anxiogenic effects. Here, a protocol for use of the open field maze to describe mouse behaviors is detailed and a simple analysis of general locomotor ability and anxiety-related emotional behaviors between two strains of C57BL/6 mice is performed. Briefly, using the described protocol we show Wild Type mice exhibited significantly less anxiety related behaviors than did age-matched Knock Out mice while both strains exhibited similar ambulatory ability. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Use of the Open Field Maze to Measure Locomotor and Anxiety-like Behavior in Mice

Seibenhener

Wooten

2015

JoVE

896

658

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“…This test has the advantages of rapid acquisition; performance is less influenced by BW and does not require food or water deprivation as in other tests and could be a drawback in rapidly growing postweaning rats (Barrow & Leconte, 1996; Ehman & Moser, 2006). The early postweaning period in rats (P25‐P35) was chosen because this period represents a milestone in the progression to adult function in mammals and constitutes an essential step in learning performance in many tests (Ehman & Moser, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Learning evolution was analyzed by the MWT, a specific hippocampal-related spatial memory test, and was found to be similar in the CMO groups. This test has the advantages of rapid acquisition; performance is less influenced by BW and does not require food or water deprivation as in other tests and could be a drawback in rapidly growing postweaning rats (Barrow & Leconte, 1996;Ehman & Moser, 2006). The early postweaning period in rats (P25-P35) was chosen F I G U R E 4 Distribution of synaptic proteins in the hippocampus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning and memory disabilities in IUGR babies: Functional and molecular analysis in a rat model

et al. 2017

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IntroductionIntrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is the failure of the fetus to achieve its inherent growth potential, and it has frequently been associated with neurodevelopmental problems in childhood. Neurological disorders are mostly associated with IUGR babies with an abnormally high cephalization index (CI) and a brain sparing effect. However, a similar correlation has never been demonstrated in an animal model. The aim of this study was to determine the correlations between CI, functional deficits in learning and memory and alterations in synaptic proteins in a rat model of IUGR.MethodsUtero‐placental insufficiency was induced by meso‐ovarian vessel cauterization (CMO) in pregnant rats at embryonic day 17 (E17). Learning performance in an aquatic learning test was evaluated 25 days after birth and during 10 days. Some synaptic proteins were analyzed (PSD95, Synaptophysin) by Western blot and immunohistochemistry.ResultsPlacental insufficiency in CMO pups was associated with spatial memory deficits, which are correlated with a CI above the normal range. CMO pups presented altered levels of synaptic proteins PSD95 and synaptophysin in the hippocampus.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that learning disabilities may be associated with altered development of excitatory neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. Although interspecific differences in fetal response to placental insufficiency should be taken into account, the translation of these data to humans suggest that both IUGR babies and babies with a normal birth weight but with intrauterine Doppler alterations and abnormal CI should be closely followed to detect neurodevelopmental alterations during the postnatal period.

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“…Additionally, more time taken to leave a more-anxiety-inducing area when initially placed there (e.g., centre of OFT) is indicative of higher anxiety, whereas less time taken to voluntarily enter a more-anxiety-inducing area (e.g., light section of LDB when initially placed in the dark section) is indicative of lower anxiety [ 42 ]. Increased locomotion (e.g., line crosses) is usually regarded as a measure of lower anxiety in behavioural tests such as the OFT and LDB [ 42 ], but should be interpreted with caution when weight varies between tested groups [ 43 ]. Rearing frequency is another commonly examined behaviour, which may indicate more exploration (i.e., low anxiety) but can also vary due to overall locomotor ability, which is influenced by more than just anxiety (e.g., by weight) [ 44 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementation with Combined Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 Across Development Reveals Sex Differences in Physiological and Behavioural Effects of Western Diet in Long–Evans Rats

et al. 2020

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The gut microbiome affects various physiological and psychological processes in animals and humans, and environmental influences profoundly impact its composition. Disorders such as anxiety, obesity, and inflammation have been associated with certain microbiome compositions, which may be modulated in early life. In 62 Long–Evans rats, we characterised the effects of lifelong Bifidobacterium longum R0175 and Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 administration—along with Western diet exposure—on later anxiety, metabolic consequences, and inflammation. We found that the probiotic formulation altered specific anxiety-like behaviours in adulthood. We further show distinct sex differences in metabolic measures. In females, probiotic treatment increased calorie intake and leptin levels without affecting body weight. In males, the probiotic seemed to mitigate the effects of Western diet on adult weight gain and calorie intake, without altering leptin levels. The greatest inflammatory response was seen in male, Western-diet-exposed, and probiotic-treated rats, which may be related to levels of specific steroid hormones in these groups. These results suggest that early-life probiotic supplementation and diet exposure can have particular implications on adult health in a sex-dependent manner, and highlight the need for further studies to examine the health outcomes of probiotic treatment in both sexes.

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The influence of body weight on open field and swimming maze performance during the post-weaning period in the rat

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Use of the Open Field Maze to Measure Locomotor and Anxiety-like Behavior in Mice

Use of the Open Field Maze to Measure Locomotor and Anxiety-like Behavior in Mice

Learning and memory disabilities in IUGR babies: Functional and molecular analysis in a rat model

Supplementation with Combined Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 Across Development Reveals Sex Differences in Physiological and Behavioural Effects of Western Diet in Long–Evans Rats

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