The influence of austenite stability on the hydrogen embrittlement and stress- corrosion cracking of stainless steel

Eliezer, D.; Chakrapani, D. G.; Altstetter, C. J.; Pugh, E. N.

doi:10.1007/bf02658313

Cited by 201 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…It is pertinent to regard the interaction between hydrogen and dislocations as being strongly correlated with microscopic plastic deformation behavior in almost all metallic materials, and also with straininduced martensitic transformation in austenitic steels. [30][31][32] Birnbaum and co-workers [22][23][24] found that hydrogen decreased the microscopic yield stress; this finding was based on in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation of increased dislocation movement caused by hydrogen. However, hydrogen effects are not necessarily limited to the enhancement of dislocation mobility, namely, to assisting crystallographic glide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Effect against Hydrogen Embrittlement

Murakami

Kanezaki

Mine

2010

Metall Mater Trans A

179

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The well-known term ''hydrogen embrittlement'' (HE) expresses undesirable effects due to hydrogen such as loss of ductility, decreased fracture toughness, and degradation of fatigue properties of metals. However, this article shows, surprisingly, that hydrogen can have an effect against HE. A dramatic phenomenon was found in which charging a supersaturated level of hydrogen into specimens of austenitic stainless steels of types 304 and 316L drastically improved the fatigue crack growth resistance, rather than accelerating fatigue crack growth rates. Although this mysterious phenomenon has not previously been observed in the history of HE research, its mechanism can be understood as an interaction between hydrogen and dislocations. Hydrogen can play two roles in terms of dislocation mobility: pinning (or dragging) and enhancement of mobility. Competition between these two roles determines whether the resulting phenomenon is damaging or, unexpectedly, desirable. This finding will, not only be the crucial key factor to elucidate the mechanism of HE, but also be a trigger to review all existing theories on HE in which hydrogen is regarded as a dangerous culprit.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Effect against Hydrogen Embrittlement

Murakami

Kanezaki

Mine

2010

Metall Mater Trans A

179

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] The present authors have investigated microscopically the effect of hydrogen on fatigue crack growth behavior, including the measurement of the exact hydrogen content, in various materials such as low-carbon, Cr-Mo, and stainless steels. For example, particularly important phenomena found by the authors' fatigue studies (Murakami et al, [32,33] Uyama et al, [34,35] Kanezaki et al, [36] and Tanaka et al [37] ) are the localization of fatigue slip bands, strain-induced martensitic transformation in types 304, 316, and even 316L, and also strong frequency effects on fatigue crack growth rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Embrittlement Mechanism in Fatigue of Austenitic Stainless Steels

Murakami

Kanezaki

Mine

et al. 2008

Metall Mater Trans A

198

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YUKITAKA MURAKAMI, TOSHIHIKO KANEZAKI, YOJI MINE, and SABURO MATSUOKAThe basic mechanism of the hydrogen embrittlement (HE) of stainless steels under fatigue loading is revealed as microscopic ductile fracture, resulting from hydrogen concentration at crack tips leading to hydrogen-enhanced slip. Fatigue crack growth rates in the presence of hydrogen are strongly frequency dependent. Nondiffusible hydrogen, at a level of 2 to approximately 3 wppm, is contained in ordinarily heat-treated austenitic stainless steels, but, over the last 40 years, it has been ignored as the cause of HE. However, it has been made clear in this study that, with decreasing loading frequency down to the level of 0.0015 Hz, the nondiffusible hydrogen definitely increases fatigue crack growth rates. If the nondiffusible hydrogen at O-sites of the lattice is reduced to the level of 0.4 wppm by a special heat treatment, then the damaging influence of the loading frequency disappears and fatigue crack growth rates are significantly decreased.

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“…HE of stable austenitic stainless steels such as type 310 and 309 stainless steels has been studied [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] and it was found that they are susceptible to IRHE 4,5,[7][8][9][10][11]13,14) but not to HGE. 8,11,[16][17][18][19][20][21] The IRHE of stable austenitic stainless steels, in which no strain-induced α' martensitic transformation occurs during deformation, can be attributed to the low stacking-fault energy of the steels, which inhibits the occurrence of cross slips and induces slip planarity. 22,23) Metastable austenitic stainless steels such as type 301, 304 and 316 stainless steels exhibit IRHE [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]15,…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8,11,[16][17][18][19][20][21] The IRHE of stable austenitic stainless steels, in which no strain-induced α' martensitic transformation occurs during deformation, can be attributed to the low stacking-fault energy of the steels, which inhibits the occurrence of cross slips and induces slip planarity. 22,23) Metastable austenitic stainless steels such as type 301, 304 and 316 stainless steels exhibit IRHE [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]15,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] as well as HGE 8,9,11,[16][17][18][19][20][21][39][40][41][42][43][44]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…22,23) Metastable austenitic stainless steels such as type 301, 304 and 316 stainless steels exhibit IRHE [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]15,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] as well as HGE 8,9,11,[16][17][18][19][20][21][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52] due to the presence of straininduced α' martensite. 8,9,16,…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Internal Reversible Hydrogen Embrittlement of Austenitic Stainless Steels Based on Type 316 at Low Temperatures

Zhang

Imade

et al. 2012

ISIJ Int.

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The internal reversible hydrogen embrittlement (IRHE) of austenitic Fe(10-20)Ni17Cr2Mo alloys based on type 316 stainless steels hydrogen-charged to around 40 mass ppm was investigated by performing tensile tests using the slow strain rate technique at temperatures from 80 to 300 K. The susceptibility to IRHE depended on the Ni content. IRHE occurred below a Ni content of 15% (Ni equivalent of 29%), increased with decreasing temperature, reached a maximum at 200 K and decreased with further decreasing temperature. Hydrogen-induced fracture due to IRHE occurred in brittle transgranular mode associated with the strain-induced α' martensite structure at temperatures from 200 to 300 K and occurred simultaneously with fracture along the prior annealed-twin boundary at 200 and 250 K, then changed to dimple rupture mode due to hydrogen localization at 150 K. IRHE was controlled by the amount of strain-induced α' martensite above 200 K, whereas it was controlled by hydrogen diffusion below 200 K.KEY WORDS: stainless steel; hydrogen embrittlement; nickel; low temperature deformation; slow strain rate technique.

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The influence of austenite stability on the hydrogen embrittlement and stress- corrosion cracking of stainless steel

Cited by 201 publications

References 17 publications

Hydrogen Effect against Hydrogen Embrittlement

Hydrogen Effect against Hydrogen Embrittlement

Hydrogen Embrittlement Mechanism in Fatigue of Austenitic Stainless Steels

Internal Reversible Hydrogen Embrittlement of Austenitic Stainless Steels Based on Type 316 at Low Temperatures

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